ADHD Ikuyenda Padziko Lonse: Koma Chifukwa Chiyani?

Zamkati

• ADHD Yofunika Kuwerenga
• ADHD, Chilengedwe, ndi Chidziwitso cha Gulu Lanzeru

Kuchiritsa ndi ADHD

Posachedwa ndidakumana ndi nkhani yochititsa chidwi ndi akatswiri awiri azachikhalidwe cha Brandeis (Conrad & Bergey, 2014), akutsutsa kuti ADHD yakhala chinthu "chamankhwala" chofanana padziko lonse lapansi. Chidule cha pepala ili chidafotokozedwa mu Huffington Post, koma ndimati "Osati mwachangu kwambiri" - makamaka tikamanena zamankhwala ndi ADHD.

Poyang'ana mozungulira pa intaneti, ndidapeza kuwunika kwa 2007 mu New England Journal of Medicine wolemba Michael Fendrich pabuku lofananalo ndi m'modzi mwa akatswiri azachikhalidwe cha anthu (Peter Conrad). Fendrich akufotokoza kuti chithandizo chamankhwala, "chimachitika pomwe zinthu zomwe sizinatanthauzidwe ngati matenda zimafotokozedwa ndikuchitidwa ngati zovuta zamankhwala" (Fendrich, 2008, p. 2081). Chifukwa chake mwanjira ina, china chake chomwe sichili matenda kapena matenda chimachitidwa ngati chimodzi, mwina ngati njira yoyesera kuti imvetsetse kapena kuigwira.

Mtsutso wokhudza zamankhwala amisala sichatsopano. Yang'anani mochedwa a Thomas Szasz MD pa Google, ndipo mudzawona malingaliro ake kuti matenda amisala si "enieni" pankhani zamankhwala (monga mphumu kapena matenda amtima), koma njira zokhazokha zokhazikitsira anthu zikhalidwe zosafunikira.

Chosangalatsa ... chisokonezo, inde, mnyamata wokonda kukwapula aliyense, ADHD.

Ndipo Pazofufuza Zonse Zisanachitike?

Conrad and Bergey (2014) akuwonetsa dzanja lawo mu chiganizo choyamba cha pepalali: "Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) ndi chitsanzo chapadera pakuphunzira zamankhwala" (p. 31). Amalongosola izi chifukwa cha Big Pharm kuyesera kupeza misika yatsopano yapadziko lonse, madokotala posachedwapa atenga njira zochepa kwambiri za DSM-5 m'malo mwa ICD yodziwitsa ADHD kunja kwa USA, kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala mopitilira psychotherapy kuti athetse ADHD, kupezeka ya mindandanda yazosankha za ADHD pa intaneti, komanso mgwirizano pakati pa magulu olimbikitsa monga ChadD ndi Big Pharm.

Koma palibe paliponse papepalali pomwe amalankhula mwachindunji zakukula komwe kumawonetsa kuti pali zotsatira za majini, ma neurotransmitter, kuzindikira, kakhalidwe, ndi neuroimaging zomwe zonse zimathandizira ADHD ngati vuto la neurodevelopmental.

Malingaliro awo pakukwera kwamitengo ya ADHD atha kukhala ndi phindu lina, koma sizikutsimikizira kuti ADHD siyowona. Pankhani yakumapeto kwake, samayankha chifukwa chake mankhwala a ADHD amakhalabe njira yothandizirana kwambiri pazizindikiro monga kusokonekera kapena kusayang'ana bwino. Komanso, kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa chidziwitso cha machitidwe azachipatala (nthawi zambiri limodzi ndi mankhwala) a ADHD achikulire akuwoneka kuti akukwera ku USA, zomwe sizikugwirizana ndi malingaliro akuti psychotherapy ikusinthidwa m'malo ndi mankhwala okhawo mankhwala.

Olembawo amapereka chithunzi cha Big Pharm yomwe imalowa mumsika pambuyo pa msika, mothandizana ndi magulu olimbikitsa monga ChadD, kukankhira ADHD padziko lonse mpaka aliyense atakhala ndi mankhwala a ADHD. Mwina ndi choncho, mwina sichoncho. Koma iyi ndi nkhani yosiyana ndi kunena kuti ADHD ndi zomangamanga zokha.

Ndiyenera kuyamika Conrad ndi Bergey (2014) chifukwa chokhala ndi chidziwitso chothandizira maudindo awo, koma mafotokozedwe awo nthawi zina amakhala ophweka kwambiri kapena ophatikizika. Mwachitsanzo, momwe amafotokozera aphunzitsi omwe ali ndi gawo lalikulu pakuwunika matenda, ngati kuti pali kufanana pakati pa azachipatala padziko lonse lapansi, sizolondola. Aphunzitsi nthawi zambiri amapereka mtundu umodzi wazidziwitso, koma amaphatikizidwa pamodzi ndi chidziwitso kuchokera kwa makasitomala, makolo, odziwika ena, ndi othandizira ena.

Pomaliza, pepalali silikunena kwenikweni za kafukufuku wodziyimira payokha wothandizira ADHD. Mosiyana ndi izi, kuwunika kwa buku la Fendrich's (2008) kumatsutsa buku la Conrad pamutu wofananako pofotokoza za "chiwonetsero chosagwirizana ndi kafukufuku wamaphunziro ... ngati chida chokhazikitsira zamoyo" (p. 2082). Njira sizigwira ntchito bwino, komanso sizitsutsa ADHD ngati mkhalidwe weniweni.

Kudalirana kwa ADHD

Ngakhale ndimakhala ndi mavuto ndi chiphunzitso komanso mafotokozedwe ofotokozedwa ndi Conrad ndi Bergey (2014), amapereka umboni wowoneka bwino woti matenda ndi chithandizo cha ADHD akukulirakulira kunja kwa USA. Pepala lawo limatchula umboni makamaka ku Europe, komanso ku Brazil.

Olembawo akuti mwachitsanzo, kuti matenda a ADHD ku UK awonjezeka kupitilira kasanu pasukulu ya ana okalamba kuyambira zaka za m'ma 1990, ndikuti pazaka 10 zokha (1999-2008) adafotokozera kuchuluka kwa mankhwala tsiku lililonse a ADHD inakwera ndi 500 peresenti ku Germany! Kuwonjezeka kwina (pamitengo yosiyanasiyana) kumatchulidwa ku Italy, France, Brazil, ndi United Kingdom.

ADHD Yofunika Kuwerenga

ADHD, Chilengedwe, ndi Chidziwitso cha Gulu Lanzeru