Zonse Zokhudza Narcissism

Zamkati

• Narcissism Yofunika Kuwerenga
• Kulungamitsa Kuponderezedwa: Zinthu Zomwe Timachita kwa Narcissist

Nchiyani chimayambitsa narcissism? Chifukwa chiyani ma narcissist ndiosangalatsa komanso okondedwa (poyamba)? Kodi anthu omwe ali ndi vuto lodzikongoletsa amadzidalira? Kodi narcissism ikugwirizana ndi psychopathy? Kodi mankhwala osokoneza bongo angachiritsidwe-kapena kuthandizidwa bwino ndi mankhwala kapena psychotherapy? Kodi narcissism nthawi zina imakhala chinthu chabwino kapena nthawi zonse imakhala yovulaza? Momwe mungachitire ndi narcissists? Mafunso ambiri okhudza zamwano ndi ovuta kuyankha, mwina mwa zina chifukwa narcissism sinafotokozeredwe bwino. Kuti mudziwe ngati narcissism itha kugonjetsedwa, mwachitsanzo, tiyenera kudziwa tanthauzo la narcissism.

Posachedwa ndinali ndi mwayi wofunsa mafunso munthu wina yemwe amadziwa bwino malingaliro amisala, kuphatikiza malingaliro azachipatala komanso chikhalidwe cha anthu. Josh Miller, yemwe ndi Ph.D. , Pulofesa wa psychology ndi Director of Clinical Training ku University of Georgia ndi wofufuza wofufuza yemwe wasindikiza mapepala opitilira kuposa 200 owerenga anzawo ndi mitu yamabuku-zambiri zomwe zimakhudza zamankhwala osokoneza bongo komanso zamisala. ^2-5 Kafukufuku wake akuwunika pamakhalidwe abwinobwino komanso amisala, zovuta zamunthu (motsindika za narcissism ndi psychopathy), ndikuwonetsetsa machitidwe ena.

Miller alinso Mkonzi-Wamkulu wa Zolemba Pakafukufuku pa Umunthu , ndipo ali pa bolodi la nyuzipepala zina zowunikiridwa ndi anzawo, kuphatikiza Zolemba pa Psychology Yachilendo , Kuwunika , Zolemba Za Umunthu , Zolemba Pazovuta Zaumunthu , ndi Kusokonezeka Kwaumunthu: Chiphunzitso, Kafukufuku, ndi Chithandizo .

Emamzadeh: Kuyambira zaka za m'ma 1900, akatswiri azachipatala komanso ofufuza-a Sigmund Freud, Harry Guntrip, Heinz Kohut, Otto Kernberg, Glen Gabbard, ndi Elsa Ronningstam pakati pawo-alemba zolemba zamatsenga. Ngakhale masiku ano, monga mudawonera mu pepala lanu lowunikira la 2017, "Kafukufuku wokhudza zamankhwala amitundu yonse-narcissistic personality disorder (NPD), grandiose narcissism, ndi narcissism yomwe ili pachiwopsezo-ndiwotchuka kwambiri kuposa kale lonse." ² Mukuganiza kuti ndichifukwa chiyani ofufuza ambiri, osatchula anthu wamba, amachita chidwi ndi zamankhwala?

Miller: Ndinganene kuti ndikuphatikizana kwazinthu-ofufuza omwe akufuna kufotokozera zamankhwala m'njira zosamveka bwino (mwachitsanzo, kulongosola pakati pazowonetsa zazikulu komanso zosavomerezeka), kuphatikizidwa kwa narcissism m'mabuku ambiri omwe amatchedwa Dark Triad (kuphunzira za narcissism, psychopathy , ndi Machiavellianism) zomwe zidakopeka kwambiri m'mabuku azolemba komanso pakati pa anthu wamba, komanso zokambirana zamankhwala osokoneza bongo zomwe zimawoneka pagulu lodziwika bwino. Pomaliza, ndikuganiza kuti nkhanza ndizofala chifukwa pafupifupi anthu onse atha kutengera zitsanzo za anthu m'miyoyo yawo omwe awonetsa zina mwazinthuzi - kaya ndi abale, abwenzi, kapena ogwira nawo ntchito - motero zimamveka bwino kudutsa anthu osiyanasiyana kuphatikiza anthu, ofufuza, ndi azachipatala.

Emamzadeh: Ndazindikira kuti azachipatala, ofufuza, ndi olemba (kuphatikiza zolemba zina za Psychology Lero ) musamagwiritse ntchito mawu oti "narcissist" nthawi zonse. Ndidawerengapo malingaliro azachisoni mosiyana ndi otsatirawa (A vs B).

Yankho: Narcissists ndi psychopaths amagawana zambiri zofananira. Savutikadi koma onse amapanga anthu owazungulira kuvutika. Tiyenera kuphunzira kuzindikira ozunza kuti tidziteteze kwa anthu oopsa komanso ankhanzawa.

B: Olemba ma Narcissist ali ndi ma egos osalimba; kudzidalira kwawo sikuli kanthu koma chobisa. Tiyenera kukhala achifundo chachikulu kwa omwe amalankhula za narcissist chifukwa avulala (ngakhale angavomereze). Anarcissist amavutika monga tonsefe.

Ndi iti mwa malongosoledwe awa yomwe ili pafupi kwambiri ndi chowonadi?

Miller: Malingaliro anga nthawi zambiri amakhala ogwirizana ndi lingaliro A chifukwa chakuti narcissism ndi psychopathy zili "pafupi ndi mnansi" zomwe zimaphatikizana kwambiri. Chosangalatsa ndichakuti, mwina chifukwa chakomwe adaphunziridwa komanso momwe zimakhudzira malingaliro oyambira (narcissism: malingaliro a theorists a psychodynamic; mosalekeza pakunamizira komwe kumatipangitsa kukhala ndi malingaliro olakwika (mwachitsanzo, manyazi; kukhumudwa; kudzimva kuti ndife osowa) zomwe zimapangitsa chidwi - malingaliro omwe sanalandiridwe mwamphamvu ngakhale atakhala odziwika kwakanthawi pazachipatala ndikuyika malingaliro andale. Ndikuganiza kuti munthu akhoza kukhala ndi chifundo kwa anthu ochita zachiwerewere ndi psychopathic (ngakhale zingakhale zovuta) ngati wina azindikira mavuto omwe amadzichitira okha komanso ena komanso mwayi woti pali vuto linalake la dyscontrol lomwe likusewera.

Emamzadeh: Mawu omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pofotokozera zamankhwala osokoneza bongo, makamaka m'mabuku azikhalidwe / umunthu, ndi ukulu . Mawu akuti grandiosity amatanthauziridwa mosiyanasiyana monga kudziona kuti ndi wofunika, kudzikweza, komanso kudziona wapamwamba. Koma kusiyana pakati pa kudzikweza ndi kudzidalira kwambiri kumawoneka ngati nkhani ya madigiri, ndikulakalaka kukuwonetsa kudzikweza "kapena" mopitilira muyeso. Ngati izi ndi zoona, ndiye tingadziwe bwanji - kapena ndani asankhe — zoyenera kudziona kuti ndiwe wofunika kwambiri?

Miller: Limenelo ndi funso labwino, lomwe ndiyankha poyamba. Ndinganene kuti kunyoza kwakukulu ndikudzidalira ndizomanga mosiyana ngakhale zikuwoneka kuti zikuchulukira. Posachedwa tidayesa kufananiza kopanga zinthu ziwiri zomwe zidapangidwa pamitundu ya 11 (komanso pafupifupi omwe akutenga nawo mbali 5000) ndikupeza kufanana kofananira pang'ono ndi kusiyanasiyana kwakukulu. ⁶ Zomangamanga ziwirizi ndizolumikizana pang'ono (r-30 .30), motero zimakhala zosasinthika. Potengera kufanana, anthu omwe amadzidalira kwambiri komanso / kapena kudzikongoletsa kwakukulu amagawana njira yodzilankhulira, yotuluka, komanso yolimba mtima. Potengera kusiyana, komabe, kudzidalira kumangokhala kotengera momwe anthu amagwirira ntchito (maubale ndi ena) ndi malumikizidwe amkati mwa anthu (mwachitsanzo, sangakhale ndi mawonekedwe amkati kapena kutulutsa mawonekedwe azizindikiro) pomwe narcissism ili ndi zovuta zambiri pakati pa anthu . Timakhulupirira kuti izi zikuchitika chifukwa cha njira yopanda zero yomwe anthu okonda zachiwerewere amakhulupirira kuti pangakhale "wopambana" m'modzi pakuchita chilichonse (mwachitsanzo, wanzeru kwambiri; udindo wapamwamba; mphamvu kwambiri) pomwe anthu omwe ali ndi kudzidalira ulemu koma osati narcissism amatha kudziganizira okha ndi ena m'njira zabwino (onaninso Brummelman, Thomaes, & Sedikides, 2016). ⁷

Narcissism Yofunika Kuwerenga

Kulungamitsa Kuponderezedwa: Zinthu Zomwe Timachita kwa Narcissist