Zonse Zokhudza Anthu Achi Narcissistic

Zamkati

• Narcissism Yofunika Kuwerenga
• Kulungamitsa Kuponderezedwa: Zinthu Zomwe Timachita kwa Narcissist

M'mbuyomu pa zamankhwala osokoneza bongo, ndidadziwitsa a Josh Miller, Ph.D. - Pulofesa wa Psychology ku University of Georgia, komanso katswiri wazamisala - omwe adavomera mwachisomo pempho langa lofunsana naye. Ndidamufunsa mafunso osiyanasiyana okhudzana ndikudziwika kwa narcissism, grarcose narcissism komanso ubale wake ndi psychopathy, ubale wapakati pa kudzidalira ndi kunyoza, ndi zina zambiri. M'magazini ano, ndikupereka gawo lachiwiri la Q&A yanga.

Emamzadeh: Kodi chizindikiro Narcissism yamatenda kutanthauza? Kodi limatanthawuza mtundu wamankhwala omwe amakwaniritsa zomwe zimayambitsa kusokonezeka kwa umunthu (mwachitsanzo, kumalumikizidwa ndi vuto komanso kuwonongeka)? Ngati ndi choncho, kodi pali chinthu chonga kusintha kapena wathanzichisokonezo ?

Miller: Sindikudziwa kunena zowona, chifukwa siili nthawi yomwe ndimagwiritsa ntchito ndekha. Ndikuganiza kuti zikutanthauza kuti ndikuwonetsa kunyoza komwe kumalumikizidwa kwambiri ndi kupsinjika ndi kuwonongeka ndipo kumatanthauza kuwonongeka kwakukulu pamachitidwe omwe amadzilamulira okha okhudzana ndi narcissism. ¹ Sindikonda lingaliro loti pali mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya narcissism-pathological vs. adaptive kapena yathanzi-popeza ndikukhulupirira kuti kusiyanaku kumasokoneza nkhani za malankhulidwe osiyanasiyana mokhudzana ndi kunyoza koopsa komanso nkhani zokhudzana ndi kuuma. Wina akhoza kukhala wosokonezeka kwambiri pamalingaliro amwano kapena kuphatikiza. Narcissism yathanzi, ngati ilipo, itha kutanthauza kuti imodzi imakwezedwa pang'ono pamalingaliro okometsa koma osati kwambiri kukhala ndi vuto m'maboma ofunikira (mwachitsanzo, zachikondi; ntchito). Mbali inayi, narcissism yomwe ili pachiwopsezo sichingakhale yolakwika ngati "yathanzi" chifukwa imakhala ndi zovuta zambiri komanso zochulukirapo komanso kudzidalira motero zimafanana kwambiri ndi vuto lomwe lili gawo lowopsa pamavuto amisala.

Emamzadeh: Chabwino, ndikufuna kusinthana pang'ono ndikufunsani za cholinga chazankhani. Mnzake wina wa m'kalasi mwanthabwala nthawi ina anati: “Munthu wovutika maganizo atanena kuti, 'Simumandisamala n'komwe,' timaganiza kuti ndi matenda amene akulankhula; munthu wamankhwala amanenanso zomwezi, timaganiza kuti uthengawo ndi njira yokhayokha yochitira zoipa ena. ” Kodi mukukhulupirira kuti pali kusiyana kwakukulu, pakufuna kwamakhalidwe, pakati pamatenda amisala ndi zina zamatenda amisala (kuphatikiza zovuta zina zaumunthu)?

Miller: Izi ndi zongopeka koma zomwe ndinganene zitha kukhala kuti tiribe umboni wabwino wosonyeza kuti wina amakhala ndi cholinga chodzichitira kapena kukonzekereratu kuposa winayo malinga ndi machitidwewo. Ndinganene kuti anthu omwe ali ndi nkhawa komanso okonda zachiwerewere atha kunena izi mozindikira kuti wina wofunikira sawasamala komanso anganene izi kuti atuluke mwa munthu yemweyo kuti apeze zambiri zomwe zikufunika (mwachitsanzo, chidwi, kuthandizira, ndi zina).

Emamzadeh: Zosangalatsa. Bwanji za kudzizindikira wekha mu narcissism? Ndazindikira kuti nthawi zina, monga ngati mpikisano wamunthu wofuna zachiwerewere kapena chidwi champhamvu chimalimbikitsidwa, kapena munthawi zamkwiyo, amatha kuchita zinthu zomwe zimawononga ngakhale iwo omwe akuwoneka kuti amawakonda kwambiri. M'malingaliro mwanu, kuzindikira ndi kuzindikira kotani komwe anthu omwe ali ndi milingo yayikulu yamankhwala osokoneza bongo ali nayo momwe machitidwe awo amakhudzira ena?

Miller: Zolemba zachipatala kwakhala kuti anthu omwe ali ndi vuto la umunthu samazindikira zambiri za iwo eni. Ena mwa ntchito zathu komanso ena 'adakayikira izi, komabe, powonetsa kuti malipoti anu amisala, psychopathy, ndi zikhalidwe zina zamatenda zimakumana bwino ndi malipoti. M'malo mwake, amaphatikizana ndi malipoti azidziwitso pamlingo wofanana ndi womwe munthu amapeza pamakhalidwe monga neuroticism, kuvomereza, ndikuwonjezera. Ndipo, akapanda kutembenuka bwino, kusowa kwa mgwirizano kumatha kuyimira kusagwirizana m'malo mongokhala opanda chidziwitso. Ndiye kuti, mukayika mafunso pazomwe zimatchedwa mtundu wa meta-malingaliro m'malo mwake (podzidziwitsa nokha: Ndikukhulupirira kuti ndiyenera kulandira chithandizo chapadera; kuzindikira meta: Ena amaganiza kuti ndikukhulupirira kuti ndiyenera kulandira chithandizo chapadera), nthawi zambiri mumakhala ndi mgwirizano wapamwamba ndi omwe amafufuza. Mgwirizano wapamwambawu ungatanthauze kuti anthu osamvera anzawo amadziwa momwe amawonedwera ndi ena koma mwina sangangogwirizana ndi malingaliro a munthuyo. Ntchito zina zikusonyeza kuti anthu okonda zachiwerewere amakhala ndi malingaliro olakwika amomwe amadzimvera okha kotero kuti amvetsetsa kuti kudziona kuti ndiwothandiza kwambiri kuposa momwe ena amawaonera, kuti ena amawanyalanyaza pakapita nthawi, ndikuti amadziwa kuti mikhalidwe yotsutsana (mwachitsanzo, kudzikweza, kusaumirira, kuyenera) zimawapangitsa kukhala olakwika.

Izi sizikutsutsana kuti anthu okonda zachiwerewere amapweteketsa ena ndikuzunzika, kuphatikiza omwe angawakonde ndi kuwakonda (mwachitsanzo, okondana nawo; abwenzi; abale awo), monga momwe amachitira nthawi zambiri. M'malo mwake, nditha kunena kuti izi sizingachitike chifukwa chosazindikira kwenikweni koma kuyambiranso kwamachitidwe komwe kungatsatire zomwe zikuwopseza anthu, kufunikira kwaudindo, utsogoleri, komanso kulamulira anthu amiseche, ndikuchepetsa zina zomwe zimapangitsa mikhalidwe imeneyi kukhala yotheka.

Emamzadeh: Izi zikupereka chithunzi chovuta kwambiri cha ochita zachiwerewere. Zachidziwikire, zilizonse zomwe zingakulimbikitseni, machitidwe onyentchera samathandizira maubale abwino. M'mabuku azachipatala, narcissism imalumikizidwa ndi zovuta zambiri (mwachitsanzo, m'maubwenzi achikondi ndi pantchito). Ngakhale mchitidwe wankhanza umalumikizidwa ndi "kudzikonda, kudzikonda, komanso kuchitira nkhanza maubwenzi apakati pa anthu, kuphatikizapo kusewera masewera, kusakhulupirika, kusowa chifundo, komanso chiwawa" (tsamba 171). ² Nanga ndi njira ziti zatsopano zakuchiritsira narcissism? Kodi narcissism imatha kuthandizidwa bwino pogwiritsa ntchito psychotherapy?

Miller: Tsoka ilo, palibe mankhwala othandizidwa ndi narcissism pakadali pano - ndiye zomwe zikutsatira ndizongoganizira chabe. Ponseponse, ndizokayikitsa kuti munthu adzawona milandu "yoyera" yambiri yamankhwala osokoneza bongo m'malo azachipatala, pokhapokha atalamulidwa ndi khothi. Izi zikutanthauza kuti anthu ochita zachiwerewere omwe amawoneka kwambiri m'malo azachipatala adzakhala ndi ziwonetsero zowoneka bwino kwambiri (mwachitsanzo, kukhumudwa, kuda nkhawa, kudzikayikira, kusakhulupirira, kudzimva kukhala oyenera). Popeza kuti narcissism yomwe ili pachiwopsezo imadutsana kwambiri ndi vuto la m'malire (BPD), ndizotheka kuti zina mwazithandizo zothandizidwa ndi BPD zitha kugwiranso ntchito kwa omwe kale (mwachitsanzo, dialectical Behaeve Therapy kapena DBT; chithandizo cha schema). Mwambiri, ndikuganiza kuti munthu ayenera kuyembekezera kuti kusintha kwakukulu kungafune chithandizo chotalikirapo chifukwa chazovuta komanso zovuta zopanga ubale ndi odwala omwe amangokhalira kukondera. ³ Ndimaganiza kuti anthu omwe ali ndi vuto lachilendo (mwachitsanzo, ali ndi vuto linalake koma osakhala opsinjika) atha kupindula ndi kuyang'ana pazomwe adataya chifukwa cha matendawa ngati njira yolimbikitsira kusintha. Ndiye kuti, sindikudziwa kuti ndizosavuta bwanji kuphunzitsa ndikusintha kuthekera kochita kumvetsetsa koma ndikuganiza kuti odwala amatha kuzindikira, mwachitsanzo, kuti zikhalidwe zawo zosokoneza bongo zasokoneza udindo wawo ndi momwe amagwirira ntchito ndikuphunzira njira zatsopano zochepetsera machitidwe omwe ayambitsa zotsatirazi kuntchito, zomwe amasamala nazo (mwachitsanzo, osakwezedwa). M'buku lathu latsopano la Antagonism ⁴ (Miller & Lynam, 2019), zomwe timawona kuti ndizofunikira kwambiri pakunena zamisala komanso matenda amisala, Don Lynam ndi ine tidakhala ndi mwayi wopezera akatswiri angapo kuti alembe momwe munthu angasinthire madera osiyanasiyana m'njira zosiyanasiyana, kuphatikizapo kuzindikira kwamakhalidwe, kufunsa mafunso , psychodynamic, ndi DBT.

Narcissism Yofunika Kuwerenga

Kulungamitsa Kuponderezedwa: Zinthu Zomwe Timachita kwa Narcissist