Bibliotherapy: Kugwiritsa Ntchito Mabuku Kuthandiza ndi Kuchiritsa

Monga momwe mawu akusonyezera, mankhwala othandizira ikuphatikiza mitu iwiri yomwe timakonda - kuwerenga ndi psychology - kotero zidawoneka ngati mutu woyenera kuwunikirapo.

Mawu omwewo adapangidwa pafupifupi zaka zana zapitazo ndi a Samuel Crothers, nduna ya Unitarian yomwe idalemba nkhani mu Mwezi wa Atlantic kufotokoza momwe mabuku ofunikira angagwiritsidwire ntchito ngati njira yothandizira kuchipatala kapena kwamaganizidwe. Komabe, lingaliro la bibliotherapy lakhalapo kuyambira kale. Laibulale ya ku Thebes ku Greece wakale idalemba pakhomo pake, "Malo Ochiritsa Amoyo," ndipo anthu nthawi zonse adazindikira mphamvu zopeka kuti zisangalatse komanso kuphunzitsa komanso kutonthoza ndikuwongolera.

Kodi Bibliotherapy ndi Chiyani?

Bibliotherapy imafotokozedwa mosavuta ngati kuthandizira kukula kwamaganizidwe ndi machiritso powerenga. Anthu ambiri m'mundamu amadziwa nthambi ziwiri za bibliotherapy, ngakhale mzere wogawa pakati pawo sutheka mosavuta.

Chitukuko cha bibliotherapy imagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka mdera kapena maphunziro, kuthandiza ana kapena akulu kuthana ndi zovuta pamoyo wawo. Mwachitsanzo, a Gregory ndi Vessay amafotokoza momwe anamwino kusukulu angathandizire ana kuthana ndi mavuto a bibliotherapy, pomwe kafukufuku wa 2006 a Frieswijk et al. adawonetsa momwe bibliotherapy ingakhudzire mayendedwe azisamaliro anu mwa anthu ofooka, okalamba okhala mdera, potero amachepetsa mwayi wawo wokhazikitsa mabungwe mtsogolo.

Zachipatala kapena achire bibliotherapy ndiko kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa mabuku pochizira akatswiri kuti athetse vuto lakumverera kapena kukonza zovuta pamoyo wamatenda, matenda amisala kapena thupi. Kuchiza kwa bibliotherapy nthawi zambiri kumagwiritsidwa ntchito monga cholumikizira kuchipatala kapena kuchipatala, monga momwe kafukufuku waposachedwa yemwe adagwiritsira ntchito ndakatulo kuti achepetse nkhawa komanso PTSD mwa odwala akuchira mtima.

Koma itha kugwiritsidwanso ntchito ngati chithandizo chodziyimira pawokha, monganso momwe zidalili mu kafukufuku wa 2004 yemwe amayerekezera mphamvu ya bibliotherapy yodziyendetsa yokha ndi njira zachikhalidwe zazifupi (12-20 magawo) kwa achikulire 60 omwe amapezeka kuti ali ndi vuto la kupsinjika, ndipo adapeza onsewa anali othandiza mofananamo pakuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa kukhumudwa, nthawi yomweyo atalandira chithandizo chamankhwala ndikutsata kwa miyezi itatu.

Zimachitika Bwanji?

Bibliotherapy imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri kuposa njira imodzi yokhayo yothandizira. Monga mu chitsanzo chomaliza chomwe tawatchula pamwambapa, bibliotherapy nthawi zina imatha kukhala yosavuta monga "kulemba mabuku" - ndiye kuti, kuuza wophunzira, kasitomala, kapena wodwala kuti awerenge buku lomwe mukukhulupirira kuti liziwathandiza. Nthawi zambiri, bibliotherapy imathandizidwa kudzera mukulumikizana ndi mthandizi kapena wowongolera, m'modzi m'modzi, monga momwe aliri upangiri, kapena pagulu la anthu omwe akukumana ndi mavuto ofanana ndikuwerenga ndikuyankha lemba limodzi.

Ntchito yopanga upainiya ya Sadie Peterson Delaney ndi omenyera nkhondo yoyamba yapadziko lonse ku VA Hospital ku Tuskegee ndi chitsanzo chabwino cha mitundu yonse iwiri. Delaney anali woyang'anira laibulale pophunzitsa, koma bibliotherapy itha kuthandizidwanso bwino ndi ena ambiri othandizira, kuphatikiza madotolo, akatswiri amisala, ogwira ntchito zachitukuko, alangizi amasukulu, aphunzitsi, komanso ogwira ntchito mdera.

Titha kudzipangira tokha mankhwala a bibliotherapy, monga momwe timaganizira kuti owerenga ambiri amakonda, kubwerera m'mabuku omwe amawakonda omwe amadziwa kuti angalimbikitse moyo wawo ukakhala wa imvi, kapena, mwachangu, kufunafuna upangiri kapena kudzoza kuti ziwathandize kuthana ndi zovuta pamoyo wawo , monga matenda a khansa kapena imfa ya wokondedwa. Zowonadi, zolemba zakuchiritsira zitha kukhala zamitundu yosiyanasiyana: Zopeka zopeka ndiye mtundu woyambirira komanso wachikhalidwe womwe umagwiritsidwa ntchito mu bibliotherapy, ndi ndakatulo kumapeto kwachiwiri, koma mabuku othandizawa tsopano ndiotchuka, pomwe mbiri ndi zolemba zingathandizenso ngati lolembedwa ndi kapena za wina yemwe adalimbana nawo kapena kupambana pazovuta zofananira ndi zomwe owerengawo amakumana nazo.

Zachidziwikire, zolemba zothandizira siziyenera kukhala mabuku athunthu; nkhani zazifupi zapezeka zogwira mtima pa bibliotherapy, makamaka ndi omwe atenga nawo gawo pazomwe angathe kuchepa chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa zaka kapena kuzindikira, pomwe akatswiri angapo alemba za kugwiritsa ntchito mabuku azithunzithunzi, ndipo aphunzitsi ndi othandizira nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito mabuku azithunzi kuthandiza ana ang'ono kukula ndikuthana ndi zovuta.

Kodi Zimagwira Bwanji?

Pali zokambirana zambiri m'mabuku ophunzirira za bibliotherapy za ngati phindu lake limachokera pakuwerenga kwenikweni kwawokha kapena chifukwa cholumikizana, kukambirana, ndikugawana mozungulira zomwe zimatsatira kuwerenga. Zikuwoneka kuti yankho ndilonse.

Koma anthu ambiri m'mundawu amavomereza kuti njirayi imagwira ntchito pamagawo odziwika bwino a chizindikiritso , katululu , ndi kuzindikira . Mu gawo loyamba, owerenga amapanga kulumikizana ndi munthu kapena otchulidwa m'malembawo, kuzindikira mavuto awo ndi zolinga zawo. Catharsis amabwera pamene owerenga amatsatira anthuwa kudzera m'malembawo, akumakhala otetezeka, kuchotsedwa kamodzi momwe akumvera, zovuta zawo, ndi chiyembekezo chawo pamene akukonzekera kutha. Kuzindikira ndikuzindikira kuzindikira kofanana pakati pa otchulidwa kapena momwe zinthu ziliri m'malembawo ndi momwe owerenga akuwonera komanso momwe zinthu ziliri, komanso lingaliro lotsatirali loti agwiritse ntchito malingaliro kapena maphunziro ake kuchokera pamawuwo ku malingaliro ndi zochita za owerenga.

Akatswiri ambiri amawonjezera gawo lachinayi, chilengedwe , momwe lembalo limathandiza owerenga kuzindikira kuti sali okha, koma kuti ena ambiri ali ndi mavuto ndi nkhawa zomwezi ndipo apeza njira zothetsera mavutowo. Pachifukwa ichi, bibliotherapy, ngakhale itachitika yokha kapena m'modzi-m'modzi, imapereka phindu lofunikira nthawi zambiri lomwe limalumikizidwa ndi gulu lothandizidwa.

Ndani Angathandize?

Zolemba zaukadaulo za bibliotherapy zakhala zikukhudzidwa kwambiri ndi zamatsenga, kufotokoza zochitika zaumwini kapena kufotokoza momwe pulogalamu inayake kapena dokotala amagwiritsa ntchito bibliotherapy. Koma kafukufuku wina wogwiritsa ntchito njira zoyeserera komanso zoyeserera apeza umboni wowerengeka wokhudzana ndi mphamvu ya bibliotherapy ndi anthu osiyana monga achikulire omwe akuvutika maganizo, ana omwe ali ndi vuto lakunja komanso kuthana ndi mavuto, komanso ofuna kuchita bwino zinthu.

Chiwerengero cha maphunziro okhwimawa chikukula pang'onopang'ono, ndipo 2019 ikuwoneka ngati "chaka cha bibliotherapy" - maphunziro angapo asindikizidwa chaka chino chokha chogwiritsa ntchito bibliotherapy ndi ana othawa kwawo omwe avutika ndi zoopsa, ana olumala nzeru, ozunzidwa, achikulire omwe ali ndi vuto la misala, ana omwe ali ndi OCD, komanso aphunzitsi asanachitike ntchito.

Ngati mukufuna kudziwa zambiri za gawo lomwe likukulirakulirali, lomwe limaphatikiza zolemba - chikhalidwe, mutu, malingaliro, ndi chiwembu - ndi ntchito zochiritsira zomwe nthawi zambiri zimaperekedwa ku psychology ya zamankhwala, nayi malo ochepa oyambira:

• National Association for Poetry Therapy ndi Journal of Poetry Therapy, zomwe amafalitsa komanso zomwe zimayang'ana bibliotherapy ndi mitundu yonse ya zolemba, osati ndakatulo zokha.
• Davis, C. A. G. (2019). 'Chifukwa chiyani Bibliotherapy?' Kusanthula Kwazomwe Amagwiritsa Ntchito, Zolepheretsa ndi Ntchito Zomwe Angagwiritse Ntchito Mulaibulale Yasukulu. Njira Zoyeserera komanso Kuchulukitsa M'malaibulale, 75-93.
• Hynes, A. M. (2019). Bibliotherapy: Njira Yothandizirana. Buku Lophunzitsira. Njira.