Kumwa mopitirira muyeso paubwana kumatha kubweretsa kuphunzira zambiri

Zamkati

• Kodi Timaphunzira Bwanji Kusowa Chithandizo?
• Kodi Anthu Atha Kuphunzira Kusowa Chithandizo?
• Kodi Kumwa Mowa Mwaunyamata Kumapangitsa Munthu Kuphunzira Kusathandiza?

Kumapeto kwa zaka makumi asanu ndi limodzi, Martin Seligman ndi Steven Maier anali kufufuza za agalu ndipo athawa ku University of Pennsylvania. Izi ndi zokambirana komanso nkhani yopeka.

Seligman: ’ Kodi mudaziwona izi? ’

Maier: ’ Chani?"

Seligman: ’ Galu anangosiya. Ingosiya. Sanayese ngakhale kuthawa ngakhale adadzidzimuka mobwerezabwereza. Zili ngati waphunzira kukhala wopanda thandizo .’

Maier: ’ Sindingaganize zimenezo! Tiyenera kudziwa chifukwa chake zidachitika. Anaphunzira kusowa chochita. Ndizosangalatsa kwambiri. "

Seligman: "Ndikuganiza kuti tapunthwa ndi china chake chomwe chili ndi tanthauzo lalikulu."

Maier: "Inde. Zitha kukhala zofunikira monga momwe Pavlov adayikitsira agalu ake kuti aphule malovu"

Seligman: "Sindikudziwa za izi, koma ndimakonda kutenga kwanu kwa psychology yabwino."

Kodi Timaphunzira Bwanji Kusowa Chithandizo?

Martin Seligman ndi Steven Maier adazindikira mfundo zamaganizidwe ophunzirira opanda thandizo mzaka za 1960 pomwe anali kuchita kafukufuku wofufuza za agalu. Anayika agalu mubokosi loyenda lokhala ndi mbali ziwiri zolekanitsidwa ndi mpanda waufupi womwe unali wotsika kuti galu adumphe. Agalu adapatsidwa mwachisawawa gawo limodzi mwazoyeserera ziwiri. Agalu omwe anali pachiyambi sankavala chovala choletsa. Posakhalitsa adaphunzira kudumpha mpanda kuthawa magetsi. Agalu omwe anali mgulu lachiwirili anali ndi chovala chomwe chinawalepheretsa kuti adumphe mpanda kuti athawe magetsi. Atakhazikika, agalu omwe anali mgulu lachiwiri sanayese kuthawa kugwedezeka kwamagetsi ngakhale anali osadziletsa ndipo akanatha kuthawa. Anaphunzira kukhala opanda thandizo.

’Kusowa thandizo komwe amaphunzira kumachitika ngati munthu akupitilizabe kukumana ndi zovuta, zosalamulirika ndikusiya kuyesa kusintha zinthu, ngakhale atakwanitsa kutero."Psychology Lero

Kodi Anthu Atha Kuphunzira Kusowa Chithandizo?

Kutsutsa kumodzi kopanda kafukufuku wophunzirira m'mabotale oyang'aniridwa ndi nyama monga agalu, makoswe, ndi mbewa ndikuti sizingatanthauzire kwa anthu zenizeni. Izi zati, yankho losavuta la funso loti, "Kodi anthu atha kukhala opanda thandizo?" Inde.

Mwa anthu, kusowa chothandizira kuphunzira kumalumikizidwa ndi kukhumudwa kwa akulu, kukhumudwa komanso kuchita bwino pang'ono mwa ana, nkhawa, komanso kupsinjika kwakutsogolo.

Kodi Kumwa Mowa Mwaunyamata Kumapangitsa Munthu Kuphunzira Kusathandiza?

Pali mitundu itatu yakumwa mopitirira muyeso paubwana; Zambiri, Kapangidwe Kofewa, ndi Kudya Kwambiri. Ndikukhulupirira kuti makolo akamalera ana awo powachitira zinthu zomwe amayenera kudzipangira okha makolo amabera ana awo maluso, mwanjira ina, zochita za makolozi zimalimbikitsa njira yophunzirira mwa ana awo. Ana oleredwa mopitirira muyeso amakhala opanda thandizo. Amakula opanda maluso omwe amafunikira kuti azigwira ntchito atakula. Osathandiza. Anapitirizabe. Ndipo nthawi zina; kukhala opanda chiyembekezo.

Njira imodzi yomwe makolo amaphunzitsira kusowa thandizo sikutanthauza kuti ana awo azigwira ntchito zapakhomo. M'malo mwake, makolo amagwira ntchito zonse zapakhomo ndikugwiranso ntchito kwa ana awo. Koposa zonse ana sawona kuti ndikofunikira kuti aliyense m'banjamo athandizire kuti banja liziyenda bwino.

Mutu wazinthu zomwe ndikubwera ndizokhudza ntchito zapakhomo ndi ana:

• "Ntchito Zosakwanira Pakakhala Mliri Zidzawononga Ana Anu!"
• "Kodi Ana Anu Ali Otanganidwa Kwambiri Kuchita Ntchito Zina"
• "Chinsinsi Cholera Achinyamata Opanda Thandizo"

Yesetsani Aloha. Chitani zinthu zonse ndi Chikondi, Chisomo, ndi Chiyamiko.

© 2021 David J. Bredehoft

Nolen-Hoeksema, S., Girgus, J. S., & Seligman, M. E. (1986). Kuphunzira kusathandiza mwa ana: Kafukufuku wautali wazokhumudwitsa, kuchita bwino, ndi mawonekedwe ofotokozera. Zolemba pa Umunthu ndi Psychology Yachikhalidwe, 51(2), 435–442. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.51.2.435

Miller, WR, ndi Seligman, EP (1976). Anaphunzira kusowa thandizo, kukhumudwa komanso malingaliro olimbikitsidwa. Kafukufuku Wakhalidwe ndi Chithandizo. 14(1): 7-17. https://doi.org/10.1016/0005-7967 (76)90039-5

Maier, S. F. (1993). Kuphunzira kusowa thandizo: Ubale ndi mantha komanso nkhawa. Mu S. C. Stanford & P. ​​Salmon (Eds.), Kupsinjika: Kuyambira synapse kupita ku syndrome (tsamba 207-243). Nkhani Zaphunziro.

Bargai, N., Ben-Shakhar, G. & Shalev, A.Y. (2007). Posttraumatic stress disorder and depression in women batrated: Ntchito yolowererapo yophunzirira yopanda thandizo. Zolemba Zachiwawa Zapabanja. 22, 267-275. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10896-007-9078-y

Chikondi, H., Cui, M., Hong, P., & McWey, L. M.(2020): Malingaliro a makolo ndi ana okhudzana ndi kulera ana mosalekeza komanso zizindikiritso za achikulire omwe akukula Zolemba Phunziro la Banja. CHINSINSI: 10.1080 / 13229400.2020.1794932

Bredehoft, D. J., Mennicke, S. A., Woumba, A. M., & Clarke, J. I. (1998). Malingaliro omwe akulu amati chifukwa chakumwa mopitirira muyeso kwa makolo ali mwana. Zolemba Phunziro la Sayansi Yabanja ndi Consumer. 16(2), 3-17.