Kusokonekera Kwa Crystal: Kudzinyenga Kwa Kudzikhulupirira Iwe Wokha Osalimba

Zamkati

• Mtundu wa kusintha kwamalingaliro kutengera lingaliro labodza loti thupi lenileni limapangidwa ndigalasi.
• Chinyengo kapena chinyengo cha kristalo: zizindikiro
• Chochitika chofala ku Middle Ages
• Milandu ilipobe mpaka pano
• Malingaliro pazomwe zimayambitsa

Mtundu wa kusintha kwamalingaliro kutengera lingaliro labodza loti thupi lenileni limapangidwa ndigalasi.

M'mbiri yonse pakhala pali matenda ochulukirapo omwe avulaza kwambiri ndikuwononga umunthu ndipo pakapita nthawi adatha. Izi ndizochitika ndi mliri wakuda kapena wotchedwa chimfine cha ku Spain. Koma sizinachitike kokha ndi matenda azachipatala, komanso pakhala pali matenda amisala yanthawi yapadera kapena gawo. Chitsanzo cha izi ndizomwe zimatchedwa chinyengo cha kristalo kapena chinyengo cha kristalo, zosintha zomwe tikambirane m'nkhaniyi.

Chinyengo kapena chinyengo cha kristalo: zizindikiro

Amalandira dzina lachinyengo kapena chinyengo cha kristalo, vuto lodziwika bwino komanso lodziwika bwino la Middle Ages ndi Kubadwanso Kwatsopano komwe kumadziwika ndi kupezeka kwachikhulupiriro chonyenga chopangidwa ndi magalasi, thupi lomwe limakhala ndi izi komanso makamaka kufooka kwake.

Mwanjira imeneyi, idakhalabe yolimba, yolimbikira, yosasinthika ngakhale panali maumboni otsutsana komanso osagwirizana kuti thupi palokha linaligalasi, lofooka kwambiri komanso losweka mosavuta.

Chikhulupiriro ichi chidayenderana mantha ochulukirapo komanso mantha, osawopa konse, mpaka lingaliro lakusweka kapena kuphwanya ngakhale pang'ono.

Vuto lomwe likufunsidwalo limatha kuphatikizira kumverera kuti thupi lonse limapangidwa ndigalasi kapena limangophatikizira ziwalo zina, monga malekezero. Nthawi zina zimaganizidwanso kuti ziwalo zamkati zimapangidwa ndi magalasi, kuvutika kwamatsenga ndikuopa kuti anthuwa ndiokwera kwambiri.

Chochitika chofala ku Middle Ages

Monga tanenera, matendawa adapezeka mu Middle Ages, gawo lakale lomwe magalasi adayamba kugwiritsidwa ntchito pazinthu monga magalasi kapena magalasi oyamba.

Imodzi mwa milandu yakale kwambiri komanso yodziwika bwino ndi ya mfumu yaku France Carlos VI, wotchedwa "wokondedwa" (popeza zikuwoneka kuti adamenya nkhondo yolimbana ndi ziphuphu zoyambitsidwa ndi ma regent ake) komanso "wamisala" chifukwa adamaliza kudwala matenda amisala, mwa iwo omwe ali ndi magawo amisala (kutha kwa moyo wa m'modzi mwa amtengatenga ) ndikukhala pakati pawo chinyengo cha kristalo. Amfumuwo adavala chovala chothimbirira kuti asawonongeke ndikugwa ndipo adakhala osayima kwa maola ambiri.

Zinalinso zovuta za Mfumukazi Alexandra Amelie waku Bavaria, ndi olemekezeka ena ambiri komanso nzika (nthawi zambiri zapamwamba). Wolemba nyimbo Tchaikovsky adawonetseranso zizindikilo zomwe zikusonyeza kuti ali ndi vutoli, kuwopa kuti mutu wake ungagwere pansi pomwe akuimba orchestra ndi kuphwanya, ngakhale kuyigwira mwakuthupi kuti ipewe.

M'malo mwake zinali zachilendo kwambiri kotero kuti ngakhale a René Descartes adatchulapo za imodzi mwa ntchito zake ndipo ndichikhalidwe chomwe chimavutitsidwa ndi m'modzi mwa anthu a Miguel de Cervantes mu "El Licenciado Vidriera" yake.

Zolemba zikuwonetsa kufalikira kwadzidzidzi makamaka makamaka kumapeto kwa Middle Ages ndi Renaissance, makamaka pakati pa zaka za zana la 14 ndi 17. Komabe, pakapita nthawi ndipo galasi limakhala lochulukirachulukira komanso lopeka nthano (poyamba zimawoneka ngati chinthu chokha komanso chamatsenga), Matendawa amachepa pafupipafupi mpaka atasowa pambuyo pa 1830.

Milandu ilipobe mpaka pano

Chinyengo cha kristalo chinali chinyengo, monga tanenera, chomwe chidakula kwambiri m'zaka za m'ma Middle Ages ndipo zikuwoneka kuti chidasiya kukhalapo cha m'ma 1830.

Komabe, katswiri wazamisala wachi Dutch dzina lake Andy Lameijin adapeza lipoti la wodwala wazaka za m'ma 1930 yemwe adakhulupirira zabodza kuti miyendo yake idapangidwa ndigalasi ndikuti kuwombako pang'ono kungathyole, ndikupangitsa njira iliyonse kapena kuthekera kophulitsa nkhawa yayikulu kapena ngakhale kudzipweteketsa

Mutawerenga nkhaniyi, omwe zizindikiro zawo zikufanana ndi matenda am'zaka za m'ma 500, dotoloyu adapitilizabe kufufuza zofananira ndipo adapeza milandu yosiyanasiyana ya anthu omwe ali ndi chinyengo chimodzimodzi.

Komabe, adapezanso ndalama zopezeka pakatikati pomwe amagwirako ntchito, ku Endegeest Psychiatric Hospital ku Leiden: bambo yemwe adati amadzimva kuti wapangidwa ndigalasi kapena kristalo atachita ngozi.

Komabe, pankhaniyi panali mawonekedwe osiyana ndi ena, yokhudzana kwambiri ndi kuwonekera kwa magalasi kuposa kuwonongeka : wodwalayo akuti amatha kuwonekera ndikusowa pamaso pa ena, zomwe zimamupangitsa kumva monga momwe wodwalayo adanenera kuti "Ndili pano, koma sindine, ngati kristalo."

Tiyenera kuganiziranso, komabe, kuti chinyengo cha kristalo kapena chinyengo chimaganiziridwabe ngati vuto lamaganizidwe am'mbuyomu ndipo chitha kuwerengedwa kuti ndi gawo kapena gawo la zovuta zina, monga schizophrenia.

Malingaliro pazomwe zimayambitsa

Kufotokozera za vuto lamisala lomwe kulibe masiku ano ndizovuta kwambiri, koma kudzera pazizindikiro, akatswiri ena akhala akupereka malingaliro pankhaniyi.

Mwambiri, titha kuganiza kuti vutoli lingayambike ngati njira zodzitetezera mwa anthu omwe ali ndi vuto lalikulu komanso kufunika kowonetsa chithunzi chazachikhalidwe, kukhala yankho ku mantha owonetsa kusokonekera.

Kukula kwake komanso kutha kwa matendawa kumalumikizidwanso ndikusintha kwa nkhaniyo, pofikira pafupipafupi kuti mitu yomwe kusokonekera ndi mavuto amisala osiyanasiyana amalumikizidwa ndi kusinthika ndi zinthu za nthawi iliyonse.

M'milandu yaposachedwa kwambiri yomwe a Lameijin adachita, katswiri wazamisala adawona kuti mwina kuthekera kwa vutoli pankhaniyi kufunika kofufuza zachinsinsi komanso malo amunthu poyang'anizana ndi chisamaliro chochulukirapo ndi malo a wodwalayo, chizindikirocho chili munjira yakukhulupirira kuti chitha kuwonekera poyera ngati galasi njira yoyesera kupatukana ndikusunga umunthu.

Lingaliro ili lamtundu waposachedwa wamatenda amachokera ku nkhawa zomwe zimapangidwa ndi anthu amakono omwe ali odziyimira pawokha komanso owoneka bwino omwe ali ndiokhaokha ngakhale kulibe njira zokulumikizirana zazikulu.