Dementia ndi Kugona

Zamkati

• Dementia Yofunika Kuwerenga
• Chifukwa Chomwe Kudziletsa Kumalephera mu Dementia

Mwina mwazindikira, monga ndazindikira, malipoti aposachedwa munyuzipepala zakuchulukirachulukira kwa omwe adzipha kuyambira kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 1990. Mtengo udakwera kuposa 25% pakati pa 1999 ndi 2016 ndikuwonjezeka m'ma 49 mwa 50. Ndikukhulupirira kuti zina mwazifukwa zomwe zikuchulukira zikukhudzana ndi kukondetsa chuma komanso kusowa tanthauzo komwe anthu ambiri amakhala nako mdera lathu. Zirizonse zomwe zimayambitsa, kudzipha kumakhala kovuta kwambiri kudziwiratu kwa akatswiri azaumoyo ndipo ndizopweteka kwa abale apabanja komanso abwenzi omwe wokondedwa wawo amadzipha. Zakhala zondichitikira kuti chithandizo chamaganizidwe chofuna kuthandiza achibalewa ndi abwenzi atha kukhala ntchito yovuta kwambiri yomwe wothandizirayo adzagwire. Ndikuganizira izi, ndinakumbukira kudzipha komvetsa chisoni kwa a Robin Williams. Adali ndi vuto la kukhumudwa ndipo zikuwoneka kuti adaphunzira kuti adadwala matenda amisala ndizovuta kwambiri kotero kuti adasankha kudzipha. Kwa banja lake komanso mafani ambiri chinali chochitika chomvetsa chisoni.

Kupeza kuzindikira kwa kufooka kwakumvetsetsa pang'ono kapena matenda amisala kumatha kukhala kopweteka kwa odwala komanso abale awo. Kuwonongeka kochepa kwazidziwitso kumapezeka anthu akamakalamba ndikukhala ndimatenda azidziwitso pafupipafupi kuposa omwe amachitikira ndi anthu amsinkhu wawo. Zimaphatikizaponso mavuto monga kuyiwala pafupipafupi zomwe mwaphunzira posachedwa, kuiwala zochitika zofunika monga nthawi yomwe madokotala amapatsa, kumva kutopetsedwa chifukwa chofuna kupanga zisankho, komanso kukhala osaganiza bwino. Kusintha uku ndikofunikira kwambiri kwakuti abwenzi ndi abale amaziwona. Kuwonongeka pang'ono kuzindikira kumatha kukhala koyambitsa matenda a Alzheimer's ndipo mwina kumachitika kawirikawiri chifukwa cha kusintha komwe kumachitika muubongo pakukula kwa matenda amisala.

Kuwonongeka pang'ono pakumvetsetsa ndi gawo lapakatikati la kusazindikira kwazindikiritso pakati pa zomwe zimawoneka mu ukalamba wabwinobwino ndi dementia weniweni (Petersen, R. C., 2011). Nthawi zambiri, kukumbukira kumachepa ndi msinkhu, koma osati pamlingo womwe umasokoneza luso logwira ntchito. Chiwerengero chochepa kwambiri cha anthu, pafupifupi m'modzi mwa 100, atha kukhala moyo wopanda chidziwitso chilichonse. Ena tonse tili ndi mwayi wochepa. Kuwonongeka kochepa kwazindikiritso kumadziwika pamene kuchepa kwa magwiridwe antchito ndikokulirapo kuposa zomwe zingayembekezeredwe chifukwa cha ukalamba wokha. Mwa anthu azaka zopitilira 65 azaka zapakati pa 10% mpaka 20% amakwaniritsa zofunikira zakucheperachepera. Tsoka ilo, kafukufuku wasonyeza kuti anthu ambiri omwe ali ndi vuto losazindikira pang'ono ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu chokhala ndi matenda amisala. Kwa iwo omwe ali ndi vuto lakuzindikira pang'ono, zochitika monga kulipira ngongole ndi kugula zimayamba kuvuta. Nthawi zambiri ndazindikira kuzunzika kwakukulu komwe kumadza chifukwa cha kusokonezeka kwa chidziwitso.

Kuwunika kolemba komwe Da Silva (2015) adapeza kuti kusokonezeka kwa tulo kumachitika m'matenda am'mimba ndikuwonetseratu kuchepa kwa kuzindikira kwa okalamba omwe ali ndi matenda a dementia. N'zotheka kuti kuzindikira ndi kuchiza matenda ogona mwa anthu omwe ali ndi vuto lochepetsetsa komanso kutaya mtima kungathandize kusunga kuzindikira, ndikuwunika kusokonezeka kwa tulo kwa odwala omwe ali ndi vuto lakuzindikira pang'ono kungathandize kuzindikira zizindikilo zoyambirira za dementia. Cassidy-Eagle & Siebern (2017) adazindikira kuti pafupifupi 40% ya anthu azaka zopitilira 65 amafotokoza mtundu wina wamavuto ogona ndipo 70% ya azaka zopitilira 65 ali ndi matenda anayi kapena kupitilira apo. Anthu akamakalamba, tulo timagawanika ndipo tulo tofa nato timachepa. Amakalamba, anthu amayamba kuchepa komanso kukhala athanzi, zomwe zimathandizira kukulira mavuto monga kusowa tulo. Zosinthazi zimachitika pafupipafupi komanso mozama mwa anthu omwe ali ndi vuto lakuzindikira pang'ono. Kutha nthawi yayitali pabedi ndikugalamuka ndikutenga nthawi yayitali kugona kumalumikizidwa ndi chiopsezo chowonjezeka chokhala ndi vuto lakumvetsetsa pang'ono kapena kufooka kwa malingaliro kwa okalamba.

Mwamwayi, chithandizo chazidziwitso chapezeka kuti ndi chothandiza kuthana ndi vuto la kugona mwa okalamba monga zimakhalira ndi achinyamata. Anthu achikulire ambiri amalandira chithandizo chamankhwala chovomerezeka kukhala chovomerezeka kuposa chithandizo chamankhwala, mwa zina, chifukwa sichikhala ndi zovuta zoyambitsidwa ndi kusamalira tulo. Cassidy-Eagle & Siebern (2017) adagwiritsa ntchito njira zanzeru zophunzitsira zoperekedwa ndi psychologist kwa achikulire 28 azaka zapakati pazaka 89.36, omwe adakwaniritsa zofunikira za kugona tulo komanso kufooka pang'ono kwazidziwitso. Njira yothandizirayi idapangitsa kuti kugona kugona komanso magwiridwe antchito abwino monga kukonzekera ndi kukumbukira. Izi zikuwonetsa kuti chithandizo chazidziwitso chitha kukhala njira yothandiza kwa odwala omwe ali ndi vuto lakuzindikira pang'ono. Kafukufuku wowonjezera adzafunika kuti mufufuze bwino zaubwino womwe ungapezeke pakudziwitsa odwala izi.

Mitundu yayikulu yamatenda amisala ndi matenda a Alzheimer's, matenda a Parkinson omwe ali ndi dementia, matenda a dementia okhala ndi matupi a Lewy, matenda a dementia, matenda a Huntington, matenda a Creutzfeldt-Jakob, ndi matenda am'mbuyomu.Anthu ambiri amadziwa matenda a Alzheimer's komanso matenda a Parkinson omwe ali ndi dementia. M'malo mwake, matenda a Alzheimer ndiye omwe amachititsa kuti munthu azidwala matendawa akakalamba. Matenda a Parkinson amadziwika bwino ndipo nthawi zambiri amagwirizanitsidwa ndi matenda amisala. Pafupifupi 80% ya odwala a Parkinson adzadwala matenda amisala mkati mwa zaka zisanu ndi zitatu. Pakati pa 40% ndi 60% mwa odwala omwe ali ndi vuto la misala amakhudzidwa ndi kusowa tulo. Kusowa tulo ndimodzi mwamavuto angapo ogona omwe amatha kupangitsa miyoyo ndi chithandizo cha odwala matenda amisala. Zimadziwikanso kuti kuwonjezeka kwa tulo, komanso kusintha kwa EEG komwe kumawoneka pa polysomnography, kumangokulirakulirabe komanso kupitilira kwa matenda amisala.

Matenda a Alzheimer's ndimatenda a neurodegenerative omwe amacheperachepera pakukumbukira komanso magwiridwe antchito anzeru pakapita nthawi. Mpaka 25% ya odwala omwe ali ndi Alzheimer's pang'ono mpaka pang'ono ndipo 50% omwe ali ndi matenda oopsa mpaka ali ndi vuto logona. Izi zimaphatikizapo kugona tulo komanso kugona tulo masana. Mwina zovuta zazikuluzikulu zokhudzana ndi tulo ndizochitika zofananira za "kulowa kwadzuwa", pomwe, odwala nthawi yamadzulo nthawi zonse amakhala ndi mkhalidwe wofanana ndi chisokonezo, nkhawa, kukhumudwa, komanso nkhanza zomwe zitha kusokera kutali ndi kwawo. Zowonadi, kuvutika kugona mwa odwalawa kumathandizira kwambiri pakukhazikitsa mabungwe koyambirira, ndipo kuyendayenda nthawi zambiri kumabweretsa kufunikira kwakuti odwalawa azikhala pazitsulo zokhoma.

Matenda a Parkinson omwe ali ndimatenda am'magazi amayambitsidwa ndi mavuto akulu ogona kuphatikiza malingaliro omwe angakhale okhudzana ndi kugona kwa REM komwe kumachitika pakudzuka, vuto la kugona kwa REM pomwe anthu amachita maloto, ndikuchepetsa kugona. Mavutowa akhoza kukhala ovuta kwambiri kwa odwala, mabanja awo, ndi omwe amawasamalira.

Mavuto oyambilira ogona omwe odwala omwe ali ndi matenda amisala amtundu uliwonse ndi kusowa tulo, kugona tulo masana, kusintha kosiyanasiyana, komanso kuyenda kwambiri usiku monga kukankha mwendo, kuchita maloto, ndi kusokera. Njira yoyamba yothandizira kuthana ndi mavutowa ndi kuti madokotala awo azindikire kugona kwina kapena zovuta zamankhwala kuti athe kuthandizidwa kuti athe kuthandiza kuthana ndi mavutowa. Mwachitsanzo, odwala akhoza kukhala ndi vuto la miyendo lopuma, kugona tulo, kukhumudwa, kupweteka, kapena mavuto a chikhodzodzo, zomwe zimasokoneza tulo. Kuchiza mavutowa kungathandize kuchepetsa kugona komanso kugona tulo masana. Mavuto osiyanasiyana azachipatala komanso mankhwala omwe amawachiritsira amatha kuthandizira kugona kwa odwala omwe ali ndi vuto la misala. Chitsanzo chingakhale kuthekera kokuwonjezereka kwa tulo chifukwa chogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ochepetsa nkhawa kuti athetse kukhumudwa.

Dementia Yofunika Kuwerenga

Chifukwa Chomwe Kudziletsa Kumalephera mu Dementia