Kusiyanitsa Bipolar Disorder ndi Kukhumudwa Kwakukulu
Zamkati
Kuzindikira matenda osokoneza bongo kungakhale kovuta. Ngakhale kuli kovuta kusiyanitsa magawo ake awiri amisala — mikhalidwe yamatenda akulu ndi kukhumudwa kwakukulu — ndizovuta kudziwa ngati munthu amene wanena kuti ali wokhumudwa ali ndi vuto la kupsinjika kapena ali munthawi yachisoni ya matenda a maganizo ochititsa munthu kusinthasintha zochitika chisokonezo. Zowonadi, matenda a bipolar amangotsimikiziridwa, kuchipatala, kamodzi wodwala wopsinjika atakumana ndi gawo limodzi lamankhwala.
Mania amakhala ndi malingaliro okhathamira (mwina okometsa kapena osakwiya), malingaliro othamanga, malingaliro ndi malankhulidwe, malingaliro olakwika, kuwononga mphamvu modabwitsa, komanso kuchepa kwa kugona. Hypomania, mtundu wochepa kwambiri wa mania, siwowopsa kwenikweni ndipo imakhalanso gawo la manic disorder's manic phase. Zizindikirozi ndizosiyana kwambiri ndi zomwe zimachitika panthawi yamavuto amisala kapena anthu omwe ali ndi vuto lalikulu lachisoni. Komabe zizindikiro zakukhumudwa mwa iwo zokha ndizofanana mwa anthu omwe ali ndi nkhawa komanso munthawi yachisokonezo cha matenda osokoneza bongo.
Vuto lodziwitsa anthu izi lalimbikitsa ofufuza kuti afufuze zolembera zomwe zitha kuyerekeka, mwachitsanzo, zochitika muubongo, zomwe zimatha kusiyanasiyana ndi odwala komanso odwala omwe ali munthawi yachisokonezo cha bipolar, mwina kuti athandizire kudziwa molondola. Kupambana koyambirira tsopano kunanenedwa mu kuyesayesa kotero, motsogozedwa ndi Mary L. Phillips, Ph.D.
Phillips ndi ogwira nawo ntchito ku University of Pittsburgh ndi Western Psychiatric Institute ndi Clinic, kuphatikiza a Holly A. Swartz, MD, komanso wolemba woyamba Anna Manelis, Ph.D., adatsata zidziwitso zamaphunziro am'mbuyomu zomwe zimaloza ku kusiyana komwe kungachitike momwe ubongo umagwirira ntchito imakonzekera ndikuchita ntchito zokumbukira anthu okhumudwa ndi omwe ali munthawi yachisokonezo cha matenda osokoneza bongo.
Kukumbukira kogwira ntchito ndi njira yomwe ubongo umagwiritsira ntchito kukonza, kusintha, ndikusintha zidziwitso zokhudzana ndi ntchito zomwe zikuchitika nthawi yomweyo. Kuwonongeka kwa maukonde a neural omwe amachita panthawi yokumbukira ntchito kumabweretsa mavuto mu kuphunzira, kulingalira, komanso kupanga zisankho zomwe zimawonedwa mwa anthu ena omwe ali ndi vuto lamaganizidwe, kuphatikiza kukhumudwa.
Pakafukufuku wawo, gulu la a Phillips lidalemba anthu 18 omwe ali ndi vuto losinthasintha zochitika omwe anali mgulu lachisoni; 23 okhala ndi vuto lalikulu lachisoni omwe nawonso anali opsinjika; ndi kuwongolera koyenera kwa 23. Onse omwe atenga nawo mbali adalandira zowonera muubongo pogwiritsa ntchito maginito opanga maginito (fMRI), m'magulu awiri: imodzi yomwe amayembekezera ntchito yofunika kukumbukira kukumbukira, komanso ina yomwe anali kugwira ntchitoyi. Wophunzira aliyense adayesedwa kuti azitha kukumbukira zinthu "zosavuta" komanso "zovuta", ndipo munthawi yomwe adakumana ndi zokopa zingapo, kuyambira pazabwino mpaka zosaloledwa.
Zilolezo zambiri zantchito yokumbukira anthu zikuwonetsa kuti anthu amapanga zoyembekezera zomwe ayenera kuchita asanagwire ntchito, kuwunika komwe kungadalire ngati ntchitoyo ikuyembekezeka kukhala yosasangalatsa kapena yovuta. Monga momwe gululi likusonyezera, kusiyana kosazindikirika pakugwira ntchito kwa mabwalo amubongo kumatha kuwonetsedwa pomwe wina yemwe ayamba kugwira ntchito akuyembekeza kuti ikhale yovuta kapena yopanikiza, motsutsana ndi yosavuta komanso yosangalatsa.
Zotsatira zakusanthula kwa ma scans aubongo zatsimikizira kuti lingaliro loti ubongo umagwira mukamayembekezera ntchito yokumbukira zimasiyana kutengera ntchitoyo ndi yosavuta kapena yovuta. Komanso, zotsatira zakusonyeza kuti kuyerekezera ndi magwiridwe antchito azikumbukiro zogwira ntchito "zitha kuthandiza kusiyanitsa omwe ali ndi vuto la kupuma kochokera kwa iwo omwe ali ndi vuto lalikulu lachisoni."
Makamaka, magwiridwe antchito am'magawo am'mbali ndi apakatikati am'mbali mwa ubongo poyembekezera zovuta ndi ntchito zovuta "atha kukhala chizindikiro chazovuta zaku bipolar vs. nyuzipepala ya Neuropsychopharmacology.
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