Kodi Kusintha Kwachilengedwe Kukufotokoza Kukula Kwa Matenda A Autism?

Kukula kwa matenda a autism kwakhala kolimba komanso kodabwitsa. M'zaka za m'ma 1960, pafupifupi munthu mmodzi mwa anthu 10,000 anapezeka ndi autism. Masiku ano, mwana m'modzi mwa ana 54 ali ndi vutoli, malinga ndi Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Ndipo kukwera ku US kukuwonetsedwa m'maiko padziko lonse lapansi.

Kodi ndi chiyani chomwe chapangitsa kuti ntchitoyi ichitike? Asayansi atsutsana mwamphamvu za chibadwa, chilengedwe, komanso kusintha momwe matenda amapezedwera. Poyesa kusokoneza ulusiwu, ofufuza adazindikira kuti kukhazikika kwa majini ndi chilengedwe kumakhudza kusintha kwa zizindikiritso ndikuwonjezera chidziwitso monga zomwe zingasinthe.

"Chiwerengero cha autism chomwe chimakhala ndi chibadwa komanso chilengedwe chimasinthasintha pakapita nthawi," atero a Mark Taylor, wofufuza wamkulu ku Karolinska Institutet ku Sweden komanso wolemba wamkulu wa kafukufukuyu. "Ngakhale kufala kwa autism kwawonjezeka kwambiri, kafukufukuyu samapereka umboni woti ndichifukwa choti zinthu zasintha zachilengedwe."

Taylor ndi anzawo adasanthula magawo awiri kuchokera kumapasa: Sweden Twin Registry, yomwe idafufuza za matenda a autism kuyambira 1982 mpaka 2008, ndi Child and Adolescent Twin Study ku Sweden, yomwe imayesa kuchuluka kwa makolo pamikhalidwe ya autistic kuyambira 1992 mpaka 2008. Zonse pamodzi zinali ndi mapasa pafupifupi 38,000.

Ofufuzawo adawunika kusiyana pakati pa mapasa ofanana (omwe amagawana 100% ya DNA yawo) ndi mapasa apachibale (omwe amagawana 50% ya DNA yawo) kuti amvetsetse ngati mizu ya autism yasintha pakadali pano. Ndipo chibadwa chimagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri ku autism - kuyerekezera kwina kumapangitsa kuti pakhale kutsimikizika kwa 80 peresenti.

Monga momwe asayansi anafotokozera m'nyuzipepalayi JAMA Psychiatry, Zopereka za majini ndi zachilengedwe sizinasinthe kwenikweni pakapita nthawi. Ochita kafukufuku akupitilizabe kufufuzira zinthu zachilengedwe zomwe zimatha kukhala ndi vuto la autism, monga matenda a amayi ali ndi pakati, matenda ashuga, komanso kuthamanga kwa magazi. Kafukufuku wapano samapereka zinthu zina kukhala zosafunikira koma akuwonetsa kuti sindiwo omwe amachititsa kuti matendawa athe.

Zomwe zapezazi zikufanana ndi maphunziro am'mbuyomu omwe adafikira pamapeto omwewo kudzera munjira zosiyanasiyana. Mwachitsanzo, kafukufuku wina wa 2011, adayesa achikulire omwe anali ndi kafukufuku wovomerezeka ndipo adazindikira kuti palibe kusiyana kwakukulu pakukula kwa autism pakati pa ana ndi akulu.

M'badwo wa abambo nthawi zambiri umakambidwa ngati chiopsezo cha autism. Msinkhu wa abambo umachulukitsa mwayi wosintha kwadzidzidzi kwamtundu, wotchedwa de novo kapena majeremusi, omwe angapangitse kukhala ndi autism. Ndipo zaka zomwe abambo amakhala abambo zachulukirachulukira pakapita nthawi: Ku US, mwachitsanzo, zaka zapakati pa makolo zidakwera kuyambira 27.4 mpaka 30.9 pakati pa 1972 ndi 2015. Koma kusintha kwadzidzidzi kumangoyambitsa kuchepa kwa chiwopsezo cha matenda a autism, akufotokoza John Constantino, pulofesa wa zamisala ndi ana komanso director director wa Intellectual and Developmental Disability Research Center ku Washington University School of Medicine ku Saint Louis.

“Tikupeza autism nthawi 10 mpaka 50 tsopano kuposa momwe tinaliri zaka 25 zapitazo. Kukula kwa msinkhu wa atate kumangoyambitsa pafupifupi 1% ya zonsezo, "atero a Constantino. Mphamvu zakubadwa kwa makolo pakulemala pakukula ziyenera kuyang'aniridwa mozama, popeza kuti kusintha kwakung'ono kudali kotheka potengera kuchuluka kwa anthu padziko lonse lapansi, akutero. Siziwerengera momwe zinthu zikuyendera.

Ngati zinthu zamtundu ndi zachilengedwe zakhalabe zosasunthika pakapita nthawi, kusintha kwachikhalidwe komanso kuzindikiritsa kuyenera kukhala koyambitsa kufalikira, Taylor akuti. Mabanja onse ndi asing'anga masiku ano akudziwa bwino za autism ndi zizindikilo zake kuposa zaka makumi angapo zapitazi, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti matenda azitha kupezeka.

Kusintha kwa njira zakuzindikira kumathandizanso. Madokotala azachipatala amatenga matenda amisala potengera zomwe zafotokozedwa mu Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disways (DSM). Mtundu wa pre-2013, DSM-IV, unali ndi mitundu itatu: matenda a autistic, matenda a Asperger, ndi vuto lofalikira lomwe silinafotokozeredwe kwina. Iteration yapano, DSM-5, imalowetsa m'magulu amtunduwu ndikuwunika kwakukulu: autism spectrum disorder.

Kupanga chizindikiro chokhala ndi zovuta zomwe zidalipo kale kumafunikira chilankhulo chambiri, akufotokoza a Laurent Mottron, pulofesa wazamisala ku University of Montreal. Kusintha kotereku kumatha kuchititsa kuti anthu owonjezera adziwe matenda a autism.

Kusintha kumeneku kumaika autism pafupi ndi momwe sayansi ndi zamankhwala zimawonera zinthu zina zambiri, a Constantino akuti. "Mukasanthula anthu onse kuti ali ndi vuto la autism, amagwera pamapiko a belu, monga kutalika kapena kulemera kapena kuthamanga kwa magazi," akutero a Constantino. Kutanthauzira kwaposachedwa kwa autism sikusungidwanso kuzinthu zoopsa kwambiri; imaphatikizaponso osazindikira.