Zida Zamfuti ndi Kudzipha: Kukambirana Kodzaza

Ofufuza ndi asing'anga angapo afotokoza nkhawa zachangu komanso zomveka bwino zokhudzana ndi kulumikizana pakati pa mfuti ndi kudzipha wakale. Mfuti ndizo njira zoyambirira zakudzipha pakati pa asitikali aku America. [I] Zimapha kwambiri: 85% ya zoyeserera ndi mfuti zimadzetsa kudzipha, pomwe 2% yokha ya poyizoni kapena kuyeserera mopitirira muyeso kumayambitsanso chimodzimodzi . [ii] Ndipo mfuti ndizowopsa pophatikizira kuyambika mwachangu kwa zofuna kudziwononga. [iii]

Mpaka pano, kafukufuku wambiri akuwonetsa kuti nthawi yolakalaka kudzipha imatha kukhala yayifupi kwakanthawi. Mwachitsanzo, kafukufuku wopitilira ophunzira opitilira koleji ndi omaliza maphunziro opitilira makumi awiri mphambu zisanu ndi chimodzi adati nthawi yofananira yakufuna kudzipha imatha kupitilira tsiku limodzi kwa theka la anthu omwe amadzipha nthawi iliyonse. [Iv]

Kafukufuku wina wa odwala makumi asanu ndi atatu mphambu awiri kuchipatala cha kuyunivesite ya zamisala adawonetsa kudzipha kwakanthawi kochepa; osakwana theka la omwe adatenga nawo gawo adanenapo za mphindi khumi zosachepera podzipha. [v] Mofananamo, mu kafukufuku wina, 40% ya zitsanzozo adadziona ngati odzivulaza mphindi 10 kapena zochepa asanayesere. [vi]

M'nthawi zovuta zino, zida zoyambirira zomwe cholinga chake chinali kuteteza zitha kukhala zida zodziwononga kwa iwo omwe ali nazo. Kafukufuku akuwonetsa kuti 90 peresenti ya omwe amadzipha ndi mfuti sanayesepo kudzipha mwa njira iliyonse. [Vii]

Palinso kafukufuku wokakamiza wosonyeza kuti kuletsa kugwiritsa ntchito zida zankhondo kumatha kukhala ndi zotsatira zabwino pamitengo yodzipha. [Viii] Pakafukufuku omwe adachitika ku Israel, komwe kudzipha kwa sabata kumapeto kwa anthu omwe ankagwira ntchito yankhondo kunadziwika kuti ndi kovuta, kusintha pang'ono polamula kuti asitikali a IDF azisiyira zida zawo kumapeto kwa sabata adadzetsa 40 peresenti ya kudzipha kwapachaka. [ix]

Kutengera ndi kafukufuku wonga uyu, azachipatala komanso othandizira anzawo alimbikitsidwa kufunsa molimba mtima komanso pafupipafupi mafunso okhudza kukhala ndi mfuti komanso njira zosungira zida.

Tsoka ilo, njirayi imatha kubweza. Kwa omenyera nkhondo ambiri, kufunsa mafunso okhudza kukhala ndi zida zankhondo kumawoneka ngati kovuta komanso mwina kopanda ulemu. Kufunsa funsoli kumatha kuthetseratu ubale womwe ungachitike ndipo zitha kuchititsa omenyera ufulu ambiri kusiya ntchito.

Ndingadziwe bwanji? Chifukwa ndidawonetsa chidwi chofuna kudziwa zomwe omenyera nkhondo amaganiza pamutuwu, ndipo mnzanga wina wakale yemwe amafuna kundithandiza kuti ndidziwe chowonadi adafunsa gulu la omenyera anzanga makumi asanu ndi awiri.

A Brian Vargas, omaliza maphunziro a UC Berkeley pantchito yantchito ya Master, yemwe akhala mtsogoleri mdera lankhondo laku Northern California, adafufuza gulu la omenyera nkhondo makumi asanu ndi awiri, omwe adalembetsa m'makoleji atatu am'deralo. Mukafunsidwa, "Kodi mukuyenera kunena zowona ngati muli ndi mfuti mukafunsidwa ndi omwe amakudziwani bwino," oposa theka (53%) adayankha "mwina ayi" kapena "ayi." Komabe, chovuta kwambiri pakupeza kafukufukuyu, ndipo chomwe chikukhudza kwambiri, ndikuti theka la omenyerawo akuti atha kusiya chithandizo ngati dotolo yemwe samamudziwa bwino angawafunse ngati ali ndi mfuti.

Momwe ankhondo akale makumi asanu ndi awiriwa adayankhira ziyenera kutipatsa tonse mwayi wowunikirapo. Ngati kudalira ndi ndalama zamphamvu kwambiri zomwe tingapeze, tiyenera kudzifunsa za mtengo woyendetsera ubale wothandizirana ndi zomwe zingakhale zosakhulupirika. Lingaliro loti wodwala atha kukhala ndi zolinga kapena kuthekera kochotsa mfuti (ngakhale lingaliro ili silolondola) [x] atha kukhala cholepheretsa chisamaliro.

Kukakamiza azachipatala malinga ndi mfundo ndi machitidwe kuti zokambiranazi zizikhala patsogolo, tisanakhale ndi chidaliro, zimakulitsa kusiyana kwa kudalira nthawi yomwe timafunikira kulumikizana ndikulimbitsa chidaliro ndi odwala athu. M'malo mwake, kufunsa mafunso okhudza kukhala ndi zida zankhondo kumatha kukulitsa chiopsezo chodzipha ngati izi zitsogolera omenyera nkhondo kuti apewe kufunafuna chisamaliro poyamba. Zida za mfuti ndizogwirizana kwambiri ndi omwe amenya nkhondo mdziko lathu. Kuchotsa mfuti ndikusuntha kwamphamvu komwe munthu wina ali ndiudindo wogwira ntchito. Wogwira ntchito akachotsedwa mfuti, amandiuza kuti izi nthawi zambiri zimakhudzana ndi manyazi kapena manyazi, chifukwa izi zikutanthauza kutaya ntchito yayikulu pantchito yawo yankhondo. Ochiritsa akamakambirana motere za mfuti m'malo azachipatala momwe omenyera nkhondo amasamalidwa atatuluka kunkhondo, malingaliro onse osunthika amasunthika kukambirana.

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