Zopindulitsa Zaumoyo Mosayembekezeka Ngakhale Kuchokera M'mabanja Atali Kwambiri

Ndi mbali ya nzeru wamba kuti anthu omwe amakwatirana amakhala athanzi kuposa momwe analili asanakwatire. Koma kodi zilidi choncho? Mu "Kodi ukwati umateteza thanzi? Kuyerekeza kwa cohort, ”kafukufuku wofalitsidwa mwezi uno mu Sayansi Yachikhalidwe Quarterly , katswiri wa zachikhalidwe cha anthu, a Dmitry Tumin, akuyankha funsoli. Adasanthula maukwati a amuna ndi akazi, maukwati a anthu omwe adabadwa zaka makumi atatu (1955-1964; 1965-1974; ndi 1975-1984), ndi anthu omwe adakwatirana zaka zitatu zosiyana (mpaka zaka 4; Zaka 5 mpaka 9; ndi zaka 10 kapena kupitilira apo). Pafupifupi nthawi iliyonse, yankho la funso lofunikira - kodi anthu omwe amalowa m'banja amakhala athanzi kuposa momwe analili asanakwatire? - anali ayi.

Ophunzira nawo anali akulu 12,373 ochokera ku Panel Study of Income Dynamics. Pakufufuza uku, mamembala m'mabanja onse ku U.S. adanenanso zaumoyo wawo mobwerezabwereza. Thanzi la ana awo okulirapo lidawatsatiranso atachoka kukapanga mabanja awo. Ophunzira adalongosola zaumoyo wawo pamiyeso ya 5 kuyambira "opambana" mpaka "osauka." Ngakhale anthu osakwatira moyo wonse anaphatikizidwa pazowunikirazi, yankho lovuta kwambiri pamafunso oti kukwatiwa kumalimbikitsa thanzi limachokera koyambirira komanso pambuyo poyerekeza anthu omwe anali osakwatira kenako okwatira.

Kodi Anthu Amene Amakwatirana Amakhala Ndi Moyo Wabwino? Yankho Pafupifupi Nthawi Zonse Ayi

Kuti muwone ngati anthu omwe akukwatirana amakhala athanzi kuposa momwe analili asanakwatire, anthu onse omwe adzakwatirane ayenera kuphatikizidwa pazowunikirazi. Phunziro la Pulofesa Tumin, ndi gulu lokhalo la anthu okwatirana omwe adaphatikizidwa - omwe anali m'banja lawo loyamba. Aliyense amene anakwatira kenako nasudzulana sanatengeredwe paphunziro. Izi zikutanthauza kuti kafukufukuyu anali wokonda kupezera zabwino pazabwino zilizonse zomwe zingachitike m'banja.

Ngakhale kuti ndi mabanja osankhidwa okha omwe adakwera pamwamba pa gulu la maukwati onse, sizinali zokwanira kutulutsa umboni wosonyeza kuti kukwatira kumapangitsa anthu kukhala athanzi kuposa momwe analili asanakwatire.

Choyamba, ganizirani zotsatira za amunawa:

• Amuna omwe anali atakwatirana kwa zaka zosaposa zinayi anali athanzi kuposa momwe analili asanakwatire. Zotsatira za magulu atatu osiyana zikafananizidwa, panalibe umboni wotsimikizira kuti kukwatirana kumatanthauza kukhala ndi thanzi labwino. Ukwati sunabweretse thanzi labwino kwa amuna obadwa mzaka khumi kuyambira 1955, kapena kwa iwo omwe adabadwa zaka khumi kuyambira 1965, kapena omwe adabadwa zaka khumi kuyambira 1975.
• Amuna omwe anali atakwatirana pakati pa zaka 5 ndi 9 sanali athanzi kuposa momwe analili asanakwatire. Apanso, panalibe umboni uliwonse wazomwe zimapindulitsa chifukwa chokwatirana pomwe magulu atatu osiyana adayesedwa.
• Amuna omwe anali atakwatirana zaka 10 kapena kuposerapo sanali athanzi kuposa momwe analili asanakwatire. Komanso, palibe zabwino zathanzi laukwati zomwe zingasokonezedwe ndikuwonera mosiyana magulu achikulire kwambiri, achiwiri, kapena achichepere.

Mwachidule, ukwati udachita palibe thanzi la amuna.

Tsopano ganizirani zotsatira za akazi:

• Amayi omwe anali atakwatirana kwa zaka zosaposa zinayi anali athanzi kuposa momwe analili asanakwatire. Zotsatira za magulu atatu osiyana atafanizidwa, padalibe umboni wanzeru zakuti kukwatira kumatanthauza kukhala wathanzi. Ukwati sunabweretse thanzi labwino kwa azimayi obadwa mzaka khumi kuyambira 1955, kapena mzaka khumi zoyambira 1965, kapena zaka khumi zoyambira 1975.
• Amayi omwe anali atakwatirana pakati pa zaka 5 ndi 9 sanali athanzi kuposa momwe analili asanakwatire. Apanso, panalibe umboni wazopindulitsa zilizonse zomwe zingachitike chifukwa chokwatirana pomwe magulu atatu osiyanawa anafufuzidwa.
• Amayi omwe anali atakwatirana zaka 10 kapena kupitilira apo anali athanzi kuposa momwe anali osakwatira - powerengera, koma kochepa. Chochititsa chidwi chidachitika, pomwe malingaliro okwatirana amalingaliridwa kwa aliyense mwa atatuwa: Kupeza konseko ndikuti azimayi omwe akwatiwa koyamba ndikukhalabe okwatirana zaka zosachepera 10 amakhala athanzi pang'ono kuposa momwe analiri wosakwatiwa. Koma izi zinali zowona kwa akazi akale kwambiri (omwe adabadwa pakati pa 1955 ndi 1964). Kwa amayi omwe anali mgulu lapakati (obadwa pakati pa 1965 ndi 1974), kunalibe phindu lililonse. Kwa azimayi achichepere kwambiri (obadwa pakati pa 1975 ndi 1984), zotsatira zake zinali zosiyana: Amayi omwe adakwatirana koyamba ndikukhalabe okwatirana kwa zaka zosachepera 10 samakhala athanzi kuposa momwe analili osakwatira, ngakhale kupeza sikunali kofunikira.

Mwachidule, pakuwunika konse kupatula chimodzi, ukwati udachita palibe zaumoyo wa amayi . Chokhacho chinali cha azimayi omwe adakwatirana koyamba kwa zaka zosachepera 10. Anali athanzi pang'ono atakwatirana kuposa kale - pokhapokha ngati anali ochokera pagulu lakale kwambiri lazimayi. Mwa gulu laling'ono kwambiri, azimayi omwe maukwati omwe atenga nthawi yayitali amakhala ochepa Zochepa athanzi kuposa momwe analili asanakwatire. ( Kuti mumve zambiri zakusiyana kwakugonana, onani "Kodi ndizowona kuti amayi osakwatiwa komanso amuna omwe ali pabanja amachita bwino kwambiri?" )

M'maphunziro ena, anthu okwatirana amafanizidwa ndi anthu omwe sanakwatire moyo wawo wonse. Apanso, anthu okwatirana anali okhawo omwe anali okwatirana koyamba-osati aliyense amene adakwatirana kenako nkusudzulana. Momwemonso, njirayi idapereka chilungamo mwayi kuukwati. Monga momwe wolemba adavomerezera, pofufuza motere, anthu omwe ali pabanja komanso osakwatira amasiyana munjira zosiyanasiyana kupatula momwe alili okwatirana, chifukwa chake kusiyana kulikonse kwakathanzi kumatha kukhala pazakusiyanaku osati ukwati. Anthu okwatirana adakhala ndi thanzi labwino kuposa amuna osakwatirawa poyerekeza. Pomwe kuyerekezera kosiyanasiyana kwa mawerengero awiri, kusiyana pakati pa okwatirana ndi osakwatira nthawi zonse kumakhala kocheperako pakuwunika komwe kumachita bwino kuwongolera njira zomwe anthu okwatirana ndi osakwatira amasiyana kusiyana ndi banja lawo. Koma ngakhale kusanthula kovuta kwambiri sikunaganizire njira zonse zofunikira kuti magulu azisiyana, monga ndalama zambiri komanso chuma cha anthu omwe ali pabanja.

Tumin akutenga mfundo zazikulu ziwiri kuchokera pazomwe anapeza. Choyamba, pamene kusanthula kumakulirakulira, zabwino zilizonse zathanzi la banja zimakhala zovuta kuzipeza. M'maphunziro apamwamba kwambiri kuchokera mu kafukufuku wake, panalibe phindu lililonse kwa amuna omwe adakwatirana koyamba. Panali lingaliro limodzi lokha la phindu kwa akazi - ndipo ngakhale izi zidasinthidwa kukhala gulu laling'ono kwambiri la azimayi. Chachiwiri, zabwino zilizonse zathanzi lakwatirana zitha kuzimiririka pakapita nthawi. Izi zidachitika potengera kuti maukwati omwe atalikirapo (zaka 10 kapena kupitilira) anali ndi tanthauzo labwino kwa azimayi achikulire koma amakhala ndi zovuta kwa atsikana. Achinyamata amasiku ano (ochepa) samapeza phindu pakukwatirana ndipo atsikana omwe akhala okwatirana zaka zosachepera 10 anali athanzi pang'ono asanakwatire.

Kukwatirana Sikungateteze Thanzi, Ndipo Mwina Atha Kulisokoneza

Pa June 13, 2016, nkhani yophimba ya Nthawi idatchedwa, "Momwe ungakhalire wokwatira (ndipo bwanji)." Nthawi zinali zolakwika ndiye kunena kuti kukwatira kumapangitsa anthu kukhala athanzi, ndipo popita nthawi, umboni wotsutsana ndi uthenga wamakeke wambiri (kukwatirana, khalani athanzi) wayamba kukhala wokakamiza kwambiri.

Miyezi ingapo yapitayo, kafukufuku wazaka 16 wazaka zopitilira 11,000 aku Switzerland adasindikizidwa. Idawonetsa kuti anthu omwe adakwatirana sanasinthe paumoyo wawo (mwa njira imodzi) kapena kudwala pang'ono (ndi muyeso wina) poyerekeza ndi pomwe anali osakwatira. Kafukufuku waku America kuyambira 2012 adawonetsa kusintha kwa thanzi kwa iwo omwe adangokwatirana zaka zochepa, koma palibe phindu kwa iwo omwe akhala okwatirana kwanthawi yayitali. "Kukondwerera kumene" kumeneku kumachitika nthawi zina pamaphunziro azaumoyo komanso chisangalalo. Nthawi zina anthu amene amakwatira ndikukhalabe okwatirana (koma osati omwe amathetsa banja) amakhala ndi moyo wabwino atangokwatirana kumene, koma kenako amabwerera pamlingo wofanana waumoyo kapena chisangalalo chomwe anali nacho asanakwatirane.

Ndi nthawi ya Nthawi kulembanso nkhani yaukwati ndi thanzi. Aliyense amene wabwereza kunena kuti kukwatira kumapangitsa anthu kukhala athanzi ayeneranso kutero.

N 'chifukwa Chiyani Ukwati Suli Wabwino?

Nanga bwanji banja silitetezanso thanzi (ngati lidalipo)? Tumin akuganiza kuti zinthu zavuta kwambiri kwa anthu apabanja. Mwachitsanzo, pali "mavuto azachuma ochulukirapo omwe amayembekezeredwa kukhala ndi ndalama ziwiri." Komanso, "kuwonedwa kuti mikangano yantchito ndi mabanja yawonjezeka." Koma mavuto azachuma pa anthu osakwatira ayenera kukhala ochulukirapo chokulirapo , chifukwa ali ndi ndalama zawo zokha, ndipo amasowa ndalama zambiri chifukwa cha malamulo ndi machitidwe omwe amakonda anthu okwatirana. Kuphatikiza apo, kuyesetsa kuthana ndi magwiridwe antchito nthawi zambiri kumangoyang'ana kwa anthu apabanja komanso anthu ofunikira m'miyoyo yawo, m'malo moyang'ana anthu osakwatira komanso anthu omwe amawakonda kwambiri.

Wolembayo akuwonetsanso za "kuchepa kwamalingaliro okhalabe osakwatirana" (osatchulapo kafukufuku wodziyimira payekha) ndi "zopindulitsa zazikulu kwa osakwatira" tsopano kuposa kale. Mwazinthu, akuwoneka kuti akutanthauza kuti makolo nthawi zina amathandiza ana awo omwe sanakwatirane pachuma, ndikuti anthu osakwatira amatha kupeza chithandizo kuchokera kwa anzawo komanso abale. Izi sizimavomereza kwathunthu momwe anthu osakwatira amatenga nawo gawo pokhala ndi moyo wathanzi, monga, mwachitsanzo, pochita masewera olimbitsa thupi kuposa omwe ali pabanja.

Ndizodabwitsa kuti anthu omwe amakwatirana samakhala athanzi kuposa momwe analili asanakhale mbeta, poganizira njira zonse zomwe amapindulidwira ndikutetezedwa ndi malamulo ndi machitidwe amisika (singlism) ndi njira zina zomwe amayamikiridwa ndikulemekezedwa ndikukondwerera chifukwa ndi okwatirana (matrimania). Ndizodabwitsa kwambiri kuti anthu osakwatira akuchita bwino kwambiri. Chifukwa ofufuza adayesetsa kwambiri kumvetsetsa anthu omwe ali pabanja, tili ndi chiyambi chokha chomvetsetsa chifukwa chake anthu ambiri osakwatira akuchita bwino.