Momwe Stem Cell Innovation Ili Ndi Kafukufuku Wotsogola wa Neuroscience

Chimodzi mwazinthu zofunikira pakuphunzira ubongo wamunthu ndikumatha kuchita kafukufuku wazomwe zimagwira ntchito minofu yaubongo wamunthu. Zotsatira zake, maphunziro ambiri asayansi amachitidwa pa makoswe ngati oyimira mammalian. Chovuta pa njirayi ndikuti ubongo wama rodent ndiwosiyana kapangidwe kake ndi magwiridwe ake. Malinga ndi a Johns Hopkins, mwamaganizidwe, ubongo wamunthu uli pafupifupi 30% ya ma neuron ndi 70% glia, pomwe mbewa ya ubongo imakhala yofanana [1]. Ofufuza a MIT adapeza kuti ma dendrites a ma neuron aanthu amakhala ndi ma magetsi mosiyana ndi ma rodent neurons [2]. Njira ina yatsopano ndikukulitsa minofu yaubongo wamunthu pogwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wama cell.

Maselo ophatikizira ndi maselo osadziwika omwe amachititsa maselo osiyana. Ndizatsopano zomwe zapezedwa zaka za m'ma 80. Maselo am'mimba a embryonic adapezeka koyamba mu 1981 ndi Sir Martin Evans waku University of Cardiff, UK, kenako ku University of Cambridge, 2007 Nobel Laureate mu zamankhwala [3].

Mu 1998, patula maselo am'mimba omwe adakonzedwa m'mimba mwa James Thomson waku University of Wisconsin ku Madison ndi a John Gearhart aku University of Johns Hopkins ku Baltimore [4].

Zaka zisanu ndi zitatu pambuyo pake, Shinya Yamanaka waku University ya Kyoto ku Japan adapeza njira yosinthira khungu la mbewa kukhala ma cell a pluripotent pogwiritsa ntchito kachilombo koyambitsa majini anayi [5]. Maselo amtundu wa Pluripotent amatha kukula kukhala mitundu ina yamaselo. Yamanaka, pamodzi ndi a John B. Gurdon, adapambana mphotho ya Nobel mu Physiology kapena Medicine 2012 pozindikira kuti maselo okhwima amatha kupangidwanso kuti akhale pluripotent [6]. Lingaliro ili limadziwika kuti ma cell a pluripotent stem, kapena iPSCs.

Mu 2013, gulu la asayansi aku Europe, lotsogozedwa ndi Madeline Lancaster ndi Juergen Knoblich, adapanga ubongo wamagulu atatu (3D) pogwiritsa ntchito maselo amtundu wa anthu omwe "adakula mpaka pafupifupi milimita inayi ndipo amatha kukhala ndi moyo mpaka miyezi 10 . [7]. ” Uku kunali kupambana kwakukulu chifukwa mitundu yam'mbuyo yamanjenje idakonzedwa mu 2D.

Posachedwa, mu Okutobala 2018, gulu la asayansi otsogozedwa ndi Tufts lidakula mtundu wa 3D waminyewa yamaubongo amunthu yomwe imawonetsa zochitika zongochitika zokha kwa miyezi yosachepera isanu ndi inayi. Kafukufukuyu adasindikizidwa mu Okutobala 2018 mu ACS Biomaterials Science & Engineering, magazini ya American Chemical Society [8].

Kuchokera pakupeza koyamba kwa maselo am'magulu mbewa mpaka kukula kwa mitundu ya ma 3D ya ma neural kuchokera ku ma cell a pluripotent osakwanitsa zaka 40, kuthamanga kwa kupita patsogolo kwasayansi kwakhala kwakukulu. Mitundu iyi ya 3D yaubongo wamunthu ingathandize kupititsa patsogolo kafukufuku wopeza mankhwala atsopano a Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, Huntington's, muscular dystrophy, khunyu, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (yotchedwanso ALS kapena matenda a Lou Gehrig), ndi matenda ena ambiri ndi zovuta zamaubongo. Zida zomwe neuroscience imagwiritsa ntchito pofufuza zikusintha pakusintha, ndipo maselo am'magazi amatenga gawo lofunikira pakufulumizitsa kupita patsogolo kopindulitsa anthu.

Copyright © 2018 Cami Rosso Ufulu wonse ndi wotetezedwa.

2. Rosso, Cami. “Kodi Nchifukwa Chiyani Ubongo wa Munthu Ukuwonetsa Nzeru Zapamwamba?” Psychology Lero. Ogasiti 19, 2018.

3. Yunivesite ya Cardiff. "Sir Martin Evans, Mphoto ya Nobel pa Zamankhwala." Kubwezeretsedwa 23 October 2018 kuchokera http://www.cardiff.ac.uk/about/honours-and-awards/nobel-laureates/sir-martin-evans

4. Kuwona Mtima. "Ma Stem Cell Timeline." 2015 Apr-Jun. Kubwezeretsedwa pa 10-23-2018 kuchokera ku https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4485209/#

5. Scudellari, Megan. "Momwe ma iPS adasinthira dziko lapansi." Chilengedwe. 15 Juni 2016.

6. Mphoto ya Nobel (2012-10-08). "Mphoto ya Nobel mu Physiology kapena Medicine 2012 [Cholengeza munkhani]. Kubwezeretsedwa 23 October 2018 kuchokera https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/2012/press-release/

7. Rojahn, Susan Young. "Asayansi Amakula Matenda Aubongo Aanthu a 3-D." Ndemanga ya MIT Technology. Ogasiti 28, 2013.

1. Cantley, William L .; Du, Chuang; Lomoio, Selene; DePalma, Thomas; Odzipereka, Emily; Kleinknecht, Dominic; Hunter, Martin; Tang-Schomer, Min D.; Tesco, Giuseppina; Kaplan, David L. ” Makina Ogwira Ntchito ndi Okhazikika a 3D Human Neural Network ochokera ku Maselo Othandizira a Pluripotent. ”ACS Biomaterials Science & Engineering, magazini ya American Chemical Society. Okutobala 1, 2018.