Kusamvana kwa Intrapsychic ndi Mikhalidwe Yosagwira Yabanja

Kafukufuku wowerengeka adawonapo momwe mavuto amunthu angaperekedwere kuchokera m'badwo wina kupita ku wina. Kutsindika kwamaphunziro masiku ano makamaka pazinthu za biogenetic.

Komabe, maphunziro owerengeka omwe adachitidwa pamutuwu nthawi zambiri amawonetsa zofanana. Ngakhale kulibe kulumikizana kumodzi kumodzi (chifukwa chitukuko cha anthu chimakhudzidwa ndimayendedwe azisokonezo amitundu masauzande osiyanasiyana - majini, kwachilengedwenso, pakati pa anthu, ndi chikhalidwe cha anthu), nkhani zina zikuyenera kupitilizidwa.

Zitsanzo za maphunziro omwe amayang'ana kusamutsidwa kwamitundu ina yamitundu yosagwira ntchito kuchokera ku chiwonetsero chimodzi, ndi monga:

Zovuta zakumalire monga kuteteza amayi mopitirira muyeso kapena maubale omwe amadziwika chifukwa chosowa chikondi, kutetezedwa, ndi / kapena kusintha kwa kholo / mwana (Jacobvitz et al., Kukula ndi Psychopathology ); kusakhazikika pamalingaliro ophunzitsira opanda ana (Kim et al., Zolemba pa Psychology ya Banja ); kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo pamodzi ndi kuzunza ana ndi / kapena kunyalanyaza; komanso kuchepa kwa kuthekera kwa mabanja (Sheridan, Kuzunza Ana ndi Kunyalanyaza ).

Pofuna kumvetsetsa njira zomwe mitundu iyi imagwiritsidwira ntchito, kuphatikiza ndikusintha malingaliro ochokera ku "masukulu" osiyanasiyana amisala ndi njira yothandiza. Mu positiyi, ndiyang'ana kwambiri ubale womwe ulipo pakati pamalingaliro awiriwa: Njira zitatu zopangitsira machitidwe osavomerezeka kuchokera kwa mabanja am'mabanja a Bowen, komanso mikangano ya intrapsychic yothandizidwa ndi psychodynamic. Anthu ali ndi mikangano yamkati pakati pa zikhumbo zawo zobadwa nazo ndi zikhulupiriro zomwe adazisintha pamene adakulira m'banja lawo komanso pachikhalidwe.

Theorist theorist Bowlby adanenanso koyamba kuti kusamutsa kwa mibadwomibadwo kumachitika, osati kudzera pakuwona machitidwe ena monga "kuzunza" kapena matenda amisala pawokha, koma kudzera pakupanga ndikukula kwamalingaliro amachitidwe amunthu m'malingaliro a ana omwe akhudzidwa. Mitundu yamaganizoyi tsopano ikutchedwa schemas ndi othandizira azamisala komanso ozindikira. Lingaliroli limathandizidwanso pansi pa rubrics "lingaliro lamalingaliro" kapena "malingaliro" ndi gulu lina la othandizira amisala. Titha kuyang'ana pazomwe adakumana nazo ana omwe akutenga nawo gawo pakukula kwawo.

Zeanah ndi Zeanah ( Psychiatry ) kambiranani za lingaliro lokonzekera mitu. Adanenanso kuti kafukufuku akuwonetsa kuti kuchitira nkhanza amayi kumabweretsa zifukwa zoyipa kwambiri kwa ana awo poyerekeza ndi ana a anthu ena. Nthawi zambiri, amakwiya komanso samvera chisoni makanema ojambula ana omwe amalira kuposa amayi omwe samazunza. Kuganiza kuti mapangidwe awa sangawonedwe kapena kuzindikiridwa ndi ana kudzera m'machitidwe awo a tsiku ndi tsiku ndi makolo awo, ndipo sizingakhudze kukula kwa mapulani awo, zingakhale zopanda nzeru kwenikweni.

Mofananamo, amayi omwe amachitira nkhanza anzawo amaopseza kuti adzasiyidwa komanso kusintha zomwe angachite ndi amayi awo kuposa momwe amawongolera amayi.

Zotsatira izi mwina ndiye nsonga ya madzi oundana ponena za kuwonekera kochenjera kwa mayankho obwerezabwereza pakati pa makolo ndi ana, ndipo monga a Zeanahs ananenera, "Zitsanzo za kulumikizana zimawerengedwa kuti zimakhala ndi zotsatirapo zazikulu kuposa zochitika zina zowopsa."

Madokotala a Bowen atayamba kuchita magulu a odwala awo, omwe amafotokoza momwe mabanja amathandizira pakadutsa mibadwo itatu, adawona zomwe sizinafotokozeredwe mozama m'maphunziro owoneka bwino. Pomwe ana ena a makolo omwe amalephera kugwira bwino ntchito anali ndi mavuto ofanana ndi makolo awo - monga kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo - ana ena amawoneka kuti ali ndi machitidwe omwe anali osiyana ndendende - adakhala ogulitsa teti!

Ndakhala ndikuwona zinthu zamtunduwu nthawi zambiri ndikumatenga zolemba za mabanja zanga kuchokera kwa odwala anga. Mwana wamwamuna wa munthu wokonda kugwira ntchito amakhalanso wokonda ntchito, pomwe mchimwene wake amakhala wocheperako kwambiri yemwe samawoneka kuti amangokhalira kugwira ntchito, kapena yemwe samavutikanso kufunafuna wina ndikupeza chilema chamtundu wina. Kapena ndani amathandizidwa ndi bambo wopanikizika.

M'malo mwake, m'mabanja ena m'badwo umodzi uli ndi zidakwa zambiri, m'badwo wotsatira uli ndi ogulitsa teetot, ndipo m'badwo wachitatu umabwerera kukakhala ndi zidakwa zambiri. Kapena kupambana kochititsa chidwi m'badwo umodzi kumatsatiridwa ndi zolephera zazikulu m'badwo wotsatira. McGoldrick ndi Gerson, m'buku lawo Mitundu Yoyesa Banja , anafufuza magulu a anthu ena otchuka monga Eugene O'Neill ndi Elizabeth Blackwell ndipo sanazengereze.

Ngati mavuto amtunduwu anali amtundu wonse, zikadakhala zovuta kufotokoza momwe mbadwa za makolo omwewo zimasiyanirana wina ndi mnzake, komanso zosiyana kwambiri ndi makolo awo. Nanga zomwe zikuchitika m'maganizo mwa anthu zomwe zitha kuchititsa kuti azichita zinthu ndi ana awo zomwe zimapanga zodabwitsazi?

Apa ndipomwe mikangano ya intrapsychic imatha kubwera. Nenani kuti bambo anali wachichepere panthawi yachisokonezo chachikulu cha m'ma 1930. Adakulira akumva kuti ntchitoyi imamutanthauzira, komanso kuti amayenera kusunga mphuno yake pamphero kuti azithandiza banja lake. Anali ndi mwayi wokhala ndi ntchito, koma abwana ake adamupangitsa kukhala wosasangalala. Sanathe kusiya chifukwa sakanatha kupeza ntchito ina, chifukwa chake adayamba kukhumudwa ndi zomwe adadzifotokozera.

Izi zitha kumupangitsa kuti apange mkangano wapakati pa ntchito yolimbika yomwe imayamba kumugwetsa. Amatha kulumikizana ndi mwana aliyense wamwamuna mwanjira yomwe - mochenjera kwambiri - akuwonetsa kwa mwana wamwamuna kuti iyenso ayenera kukhala ngati iye, pomwe mwana winayo amapatsidwa mphotho mochenjera chifukwa chochita mkwiyo wobisika wa abambo kuti agwire ntchito molimbika komanso kudzipereka .

Mofananamo, wodwala atha kubwera kuchokera kwa makolo achipembedzo okhwima kwambiri omwe adakana chilichonse chongofuna kukondwerera, koma omwe adalalikira kwa mwana wawo za zoyipa zakumwa zoledzeretsa mozungulira kwambiri. Kusamvana koteroko kumawonekera mwa iwo chifukwa cholandila mauthenga osiyanasiyana kuchokera kwa makolo awo. Mwana wawo wamwamuna amatha kumva kuti akukakamizika kupanduka, motero amakhala ndi moyo wonyentchera, womwa mowa mwauchidakwa. Munthu wotere nthawi zambiri amadziwononga pochita izi, chifukwa ngati makolo ake amamuwona akuchita bwino ngakhale amamwa, izi zitha kukulitsa mkangano mwa makolo ake ndikuwakhazika mtima pansi. Zochita za kholo zimamuopsa. Chifukwa chake amakhala chidakwa chodziwononga.

Khalidwe lake lingakhale lokopa. Amakhala kuti akutsatira zomwe makolo ake adamupondereza ndikuwalola kuti adziwonetsere, pomwe nthawi yomweyo akuwonetsa makolo ake kuti kupondereza kukhumbako kulidi njira yoti achitire.

M'badwo wotsatira, ana ake atha "kupanduka" monga momwe adachitira, koma njira yokhayo yomwe angachitire izi ndikupita monyanyira. Amakhala ogulitsa teetot. Ana awo nawonso “amapanduka” mwa kukhala zidakwa.

Ndikuchepetsa kwambiri njirayi kotero kuti zofunika kuzimasulira kwa owerenga, koma ndikuwona mitundu iyi ya mitundu - ndizosintha zambiri zosangalatsa - tsiku lililonse ndikuchita.