Kodi Heroism ndi 'Guy Thing?'

Zamkati

• Kodi Zimphona "Zodzikonda?"
• Kuzindikiritsa Mtengo
• Kafukufuku Wokhudza Amuna Osadzipereka

Mu Ogasiti 2015, anyamata atatu aku America ( Anthony Sadler, Spencer Stone, ndi Alek Skarlatos) anali m'sitima yodzaza ndi anthu kuchokera ku Paris kupita ku Amsterdam pomwe anakumana ndi uchigawenga yemwe anali ndi zida kwambiri akufuna kupha anthu mosaneneka. Mosasamala za chitetezo chawo, adathamangira chigawenga chija ndikumugonjetsa, mosakayikira kupulumutsa miyoyo ya anthu ambiri. Adalandira Legion of Honor ndi Purezidenti wa France ndikukondwerera ngati ngwazi ndi atsogoleri padziko lonse lapansi, kuphatikiza Purezidenti Obama.

Palibe amene anganene kuti amunawa akuyenera kutchedwa "ngwazi."

Timakonda ngwazi zathu, makamaka olimba mtima omwe amaika miyoyo yawo pachiswe. Nthano zotamanda kulimba mtima kwa ankhondo kuyambira masiku am'mbuyomu ndizofunikira kwambiri pachikhalidwe cha anthu: Nkhani za Chipangano Chakale monga Davide akupha Goliati; nkhanza za Beowulf ndi Odysseus; ngakhale kutchuka kwamabuku azithunzithunzi amakono kumatsimikizira kulimba mtima kwa ngwazi zathu.

Matchuthi monga Tsiku la Chikumbutso ndi Tsiku Lankhondo ku United States alipo kuti akweze udindo wa ngwazi zomwe zadzipereka kwambiri pagulu, ndikuletsa kuti nsembe zotere zisaiwalike kapena kunyalanyazidwa.

Chifukwa chake, timalemekeza kwambiri ngwazi chifukwa amachita zinthu modzilemekeza komanso moyenera, kupatula malingaliro aliwonse okhalira ubwino wa ena.

Kapena amatero?

Kodi Zimphona "Zodzikonda?"

Akatswiri azamisala amakhulupirira kuti ngakhale malingaliro osadzikonda monga kulimba mtima ayenera kupatsa mwayi anthu ena. Kupanda kutero, majini a anthu omwe ali ndi zizolowezi zankhondo amatha kutha mwa anthu pomwe amapereka moyo wawo chifukwa cha ena. Pali malingaliro angapo omwe amayesa kufotokoza izi.

Kulimbitsa thupi (yemwenso amadziwika kuti kusankha achibale ) limafotokoza momveka bwino chifukwa chake timadzipereka kuthandiza abale athu, koma kudzipereka komwe amachita abale apamtima nthawi zambiri sikunenedwe kuti ndi "amisili" kapena "osakondera." Timasilira kholo lomwe limathamangira munyumba yoyaka kapena kulowa mumtsinje wachisanu kuti mupulumutse mwana wawo, koma timamvetsetsa kukhudzidwa kwakukulu komwe kumayendetsa khalidweli ndipo sitimapereka chovala cha "ngwazi" kwa anthuwa.

Kudzipereka mowolowa manja Amatithandiza kumvetsetsa anthu omwe amadzipereka kuti athandize ena osagwirizana, kuyembekezera kuti adzalandira zabwino kuchokera kwa anthu omwe ali nawo ngongole. Komabe, aliyense amene amathandiza ena ndikuyembekeza kubwezeredwa ndalama sangawoneke ngati ngwazi, ndipo munthawi zozizwitsa zopulumutsa moyo za kulimba mtima zikuwonekeratu kuti palibe kubweza kokwanira komwe kungakhale kotheka, chifukwa chake kufotokozera zamakhalidwe abwino kumawonekeranso kukhala osayambitsa.

Chifukwa chake, tiyenera kutembenukira ku malingaliro ena kuti timvetsetse zamakhalidwe abwino omwe amapindulitsa anthu omwe sagawana nawo chibadwa chathu ndipo sangatibwezere.

Kuzindikiritsa Mtengo

Malongosoledwe abwino atha kugona mu china chotchedwa Chiphunzitso Chotsimikizira Mtengo (CST). CST ikuwonetsa kuti kulimba mtima kodzipereka pokha kungakhale njira yoti anthu adzalengere mikhalidwe yabwino. Izi zitha kukulitsa mwayi woti angasankhidwe kukhala mnzake kapena mnzake wothandizirana naye ndipo zitha kuwapatsanso mwayi wopeza mwayi wokhala ndi chuma chamtsogolo, ngakhale kwa anthu omwe sanapindule nawo mwachindunji. Kuti chizindikiritso chodula chikhale chogwira ntchito, chikuyenera kufotokozera moona mtima zamunthu amene akutumiza chizindikirocho, ndipo ziyenera kukhala zosatheka kunama.

Ndine ayi kuwonetsa kuti ngwazi zimakhala pansi ndikuwerengera zonse zabwino zomwe zingachitike ngati atapulumuka molimba mtima (mwachitsanzo, " Palibe chomwe chimakondweretsa atsikana ngati Legion of Honor Medal! ”); M'malo mwake, ndikulingalira kuti zikhumbo zotere zasankhidwa chifukwa chamakhalidwe abwino apereka mwayi kwa amuna m'mbiri yonse ya anthu.

Ngati kudzipereka kodzipereka kulidi "chinthu chachinyamata," zikuyenera kuchitika amuna akamadzionetsera ndikupikisana wina ndi mnzake chifukwa cha udindo wawo (komanso pamapeto pake mwayi wokwatirana) powonetsa kulimba mtima ndi mphamvu. Kupatula apo, ngati munthu atha kutenga zoopsa izi ndikupulumuka, akuwonetsa kwa ena kuti ali ndi mikhalidwe yapadera.

Kafukufuku Wokhudza Amuna Osadzipereka

Moyenera, pali chidziwitso chotsimikizira kuti amuna nthawi zambiri amawonetsa kudzipereka pamaso pa membala wokongola wa anyamata kapena atsikana; zomwezo sizikhala choncho kwa akazi. (Farrelly, Lazarus ndi Roberts, 2007; Iredale, van Vugt ndi Dunbar, 2008). Ine ndakhala ndikuchita maphunziro angapo a labotale osonyeza kuti kudzipereka kwamwamuna modzipereka zotheka kuchitika akazi akakhala kuti alipo ndipo pamene mwamuna wina alipo (McAndrew, 2012a, 2012b).

Lingaliro ili lakhalapo kwanthawi yayitali, monga zikuwonetsedwa ndi mawu ochokera kwa wankhondo waku Sioux "Mvula Pamaso." Pofotokoza momwe kupezeka kwa akazi maphwando ankhondo kumakhudzira amuna ankhondo, anati: “W nkhuku pali mkazi woyang'anira, zimapangitsa ankhondo kuti azikangana wina ndi mnzake posonyeza kulimba mtima kwawo. ”(Philbrick, 2010, tsamba 179)

Gulu la akatswiri azamisala ku Europe lidasanthula lingaliro loti nkhondo imapereka bwalo la amuna (koma osati azimayi) kuti azitha kuwonetsa zinthu zawo zamphamvu ngati njira yosangalatsa amuna ndi akazi omwe angakhale amuna kapena akazi anzawo.

Phunziro lawo loyamba, adapeza kuti amuna aku America aku 464 omwe adapambana Medal of Honor pankhondo yachiwiri yapadziko lonse pamapeto pake adakhala ndi ana ambiri kuposa amuna ena aku US omwe sanadziwike kwambiri.

Izi zikugwirizana ndi lingaliro loti kulimba mtima kumalandira mphotho yakubala bwino.

Pakafukufuku wachiwiri, azimayi 92 adavotera kukopa kwa amuna omwe adachita zankhondo pankhondo kuti ndiwokwera kwambiri kuposa asitikali omwe adagwirapo ntchito koma osadziwika kuti ngwazi. Kunena zowona, azimayi sanawonetse kukopa kowonjezeka kwa amuna omwe adachita masewera mwamasewera kapena mabizinesi. Kafukufuku wachitatu adawonetsa kuti kukhala olimba mtima pankhondo sikuwonjezera chidwi cha amuna ankhondo ankhondo kwa amuna. Mwachidule, kulimba mtima munthawi yankhondo ndikofunika kuposa kulimba mtima kwina kulikonse, koma kwa amuna okha. (Rusch, Leunissen, & van Vugt, 2015).

Ndikudziwa kuti kulimba mtima sikuyenera kutenga mawonekedwe owopsa, owononga imfa. Tikuyitanira anthu ngwazi pomwe amatenga mbali zandale zokomera ena kapena akayika pachiwopsezo kuti atukule miyoyo ya ena. Mayina a anthu ngati Amayi Theresa, Nelson Mandela, ndi Rosa Parks samabwera m'maganizo tikamaganizira za kulimba mtima motere. Komabe, m'nkhaniyi, ndimafuna kulimba mtima molimba mtima molimba mtima ngati ziwopsezo zomwe timakumana nazo ngati zigawenga zomwe zili m'sitima ndikufufuza zifukwa zomwe izi zimayembekezeredwa kwambiri kuchokera kwa abambo kuposa akazi .

Mwina ngwazi zili ndi cholinga chodzipangira kupita kunkhondo kuposa momwe iwonso amadziwa?

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