Medulla Oblongata: Kapangidwe ka Anatomical Ndi Ntchito

Zamkati

• Timasanthula gawo limodzi lofunikira kwambiri komanso lofunikira muubongo (ndi ubongo).
• Kodi medulla oblongata ndi chiyani?
• Mbali ndi kusintha kwa anatomical
• 1. Mapiramidi a Bulbar ndi kuwonongeka kwa piramidi
• 2. Kukhumudwa kwa Lemnisci ndi lemniscal
• 3. Maolivi ovuta
• Mitundu ina yofunikira ndi mathirakiti
• Pakati pachimake
• Khomo la gawo lokhalokha
• Dorsal nucleus ya vagus
• Mutu wa Trigeminal
• Mumachita nawo chiyani? Ntchito za medulla oblongata
• Amatumiza zambiri kuchokera kumsana wam'mimba kupita kuubongo komanso mosemphanitsa
• Kulamulira kwa kugunda kwa mtima ndi kuthamanga kwa magazi
• Lamulo la kupuma
• Nawo chakudya ndi chimbudzi

Timasanthula gawo limodzi lofunikira kwambiri komanso lofunikira muubongo (ndi ubongo).

M'moyo wake watsiku ndi tsiku, munthu amakhala ndi machitidwe ndi zochita zambiri. Timasamba, kupita kuntchito, kulankhula ndi kucheza ndi ena, kuyenda, kudya kapena kugona. Zambiri mwa izi zimachitika mosazindikira komanso mwakufuna kwawo. Komabe, thupi lathu limachita zoposa pamenepo.

Mosasamala kanthu za chifuniro chathu, thupi lathu limapangitsa kugunda kwa mtima kosalekeza, kumagwira ntchito yopumira, kumatsata njira yayitali kukhumba, kugaya ndikutulutsa chakudya pambuyo pa chimbudzi, kuwongolera mayankho ogonana kapena kutikonzekeretsa kuti tichite zoopsa kapena zokopa. Kuwongolera kwa magwiridwe antchito amthupi imachitika ndi gawo limodzi la ubongo lotchedwa brainstem. Mkati mwa nyumbayi, pali ina yomwe imadziwika kuti medulla oblongata ndipo ili ndi gawo lofunikira kwambiri.

Kodi medulla oblongata ndi chiyani?

Amatchedwanso myelencephalon, medulla oblongata ndi gawo laling'ono lomwe lili kumapeto kwa ubongo. Ndi mawonekedwe ofanana ndi kondomu, ndi dongosolo lamanjenje lomwe limalumikiza ubongo ndi msana (motero dzina lina, medulla oblongata), Kuchepetsa kuchepa kwa mitolo ya piramidi ndi ma pon.

Magalimoto onse ndi mitsempha yolumikizana amapezeka mu medulla oblongata, ndikudutsamo mitsempha yosiyanasiyana yamitsempha. Ndi phata lokhazikika, lomwe limasamalira kukonza ndi kugwira ntchito kwa ziwalo munjira yodziwira komanso osazindikira chikumbumtima. Imasunganso zizindikilo zofunika, chifukwa chake zovuta zomwe zimasokoneza magwiridwe ake zimabweretsa kufa kwaubongo. Chifukwa chake ndi gawo lofunikira kwambiri kuti anthu akhale ndi moyo.

Mbali ndi kusintha kwa anatomical

Tikamakamba za medulla oblongata, tikukamba za kapangidwe kamene sikofanana mu kapangidwe kake ndi kagwiritsidwe kake. Osatengera izi, kapangidwe kameneka kamapangidwa ndi ma nuclei osiyanasiyana, kuyambira mwa iwo timapepala tomwe timadziwika bwino, ndipo magawo awa a medulla oblongata ali ndi ntchito zosiyanasiyana.

Medulla oblongata nthawi zambiri imawoneka kuti imagawika kwambiri magawo atatu: mapiramidi ndi kuwonongeka kwawo kwa piramidi, lemniscus ndi lemniscal decussation, ndi malo ochepera a azitona. Pansipa titha kuwona zina mwazofunikira kwambiri pamtundu uliwonse waubongowu, komanso zina zomwe zimapangitsa chidwi cha medulla oblongata.

1. Mapiramidi a Bulbar ndi kuwonongeka kwa piramidi

Amatchedwa mawonekedwe awo, mitolo ya mitsempha ya mitsempha imapezeka m'mapiramidi a medulla oblongata omwe amalumikiza kotekisi ndi medulla ndi msana. Chifukwa chake ili m'dera lino momwe ubongo umalumikizirana ndi thupi lonse, Kutumiza zidziwitso zamagalimoto ku ulusi waminyewa wofalitsidwa mthupi lonse.

Pakutha kwa piramidi, ulusi wamitsempha yama piramidi, ndiye kuti, amasintha mbali, ulusi wa piramidi yakumanzere uli kumanja komanso mosemphanitsa. Makamaka, mdera lino njira zamagalimoto zimatsika kwambiri.

2. Kukhumudwa kwa Lemnisci ndi lemniscal

Lemnisci ndi mitolo ya mitsempha yomwe imagwira ntchito, monga mapiramidi, ndikufalitsa uthenga pakati pa ubongo, makamaka thalamus, ndi msana. Pankhaniyi, komabe, zambiri zomwe amanyamula ndizokhudza kwenikweni.

Monga momwe kudalirana kwa mapiramidi, mitolo yama fiber ya lemnisci imatha, kutsatira zomwezi pankhaniyi kuti mumve zambiri.

3. Maolivi ovuta

Maolivi ndi nyumba yomwe ili mu tsinde laubongo, kukhala gawo la ma pons komanso gawo la medulla oblongata. Dera lomwe lili mu babu limalumikizidwa ndi cerebellum, yolumikizidwa ndi kuwongolera magalimoto. Iyenso yakhala ikugwirizana ndi masomphenya.

Mitundu ina yofunikira ndi mathirakiti

Izi ndi zinthu zina zomwe zimapezekanso mkati mwa medulla oblongata.

Pakati pachimake

Nyini, zowonjezera, ndi mitsempha ya glossopharyngeal imayamba motere. Mitsempha imeneyi imagwira nawo ntchito yoyang'anira chakudya ndi chimbudzi, kuwongolera minofu ya pharynx ndi larynx. Chifukwa chake, ndi zomwe tiloleni timeze komanso chakudya chiziyenda munjira yogaya chakudya.

Khomo la gawo lokhalokha

Ndi gawo la medulla oblongata lomwe imayendetsa kukhudzidwa kwa viscera, kulowereranso chimodzimodzi mu ntchito yama mtima. Momwemonso, gawo loyang'ana nkhope limathandiziranso pakuwona kukoma, zomwe zimachitika mkati mwa chigaza.

Dorsal nucleus ya vagus

Pathupi pake, kudzera m'mitsempha ya vagus yomwe imadutsa, imalumikizidwa ndi chimbudzi, kuyang'anira kapangidwe ndi kutulutsa kwa m'mimba kuyenda. Chifukwa chake ndi gawo la netiweki yolumikizana ndi ma neural yomwe imakhudzidwa ndi dongosolo lamanjenje la enteric, gawo lina limapangidwa mu dongosolo lamanjenje lamanjenje.

Mutu wa Trigeminal

Pamalo awa titha kupeza mitsempha ya trigeminal, yomwe ili yofunika kwambiri nthawi Kutumiza zambiri zokhudza zowawa, kutentha komanso kukhudza. Ndi malo omwe ma cell a neuronal amadzikundikira kuti apange zidziwitso pamlingo woyambira; Magulu ena aubongo ali ndi udindo wopitiliza kugwira ntchito kuchokera pazomwezi ma cell amitsempha atumiza chizindikirocho kumtunda.

Mumachita nawo chiyani? Ntchito za medulla oblongata

Kugwira ntchito moyenera kwa medulla oblongata ndikofunikira kwa anthu. Kwenikweni, popeza kuwonongeka kapena kutha kwa ntchito m'derali kumayambitsa imfa.

Kuti mumvetsetse chifukwa chake kuli kofunikira kwambiri, ndikofunikira kulingalira zina mwazinthu zofunikira zomwe kapangidwe kameneka kali nako, komanso kuzindikira kuti, popeza ili kumapeto kwa ubongo, gawo lalikulu lamaneti olumikizidwa mozungulira limadutsa munjira imeneyi ya dongosolo. wamanjenje wapakati.

Amatumiza zambiri kuchokera kumsana wam'mimba kupita kuubongo komanso mosemphanitsa

Kukhala gawo lamanjenje lomwe limalumikiza ubongo ndi msana, imodzi mwamagawo akulu a medulla oblongata ndi Gwiritsani ntchito ulalo pakati paubongo ndi / kapena cerebellum ndi medulla. Chifukwa chake, ili ndi udindo wofalitsa zidziwitso zamanjenje komanso zamagalimoto kuchokera mthupi lonse.

Kulamulira kwa kugunda kwa mtima ndi kuthamanga kwa magazi

Medulla oblongata imatipangitsa kukhala amoyo, popeza ili ndi ntchito yofunikira ya kuwongolera zinthu zofunika komanso zosazindikira monga kugunda kwa mtima ndi kuthamanga kwa magazi. Chifukwa chake, ili ndi udindo wosunga kugunda kwa mtima ndikuwongolera vasoconstriction.

Lamulo la kupuma

Kupuma ndi imodzi mwazinthu zofunika kwambiri zomwe moyo umalola, popeza timafunikira kupezeka kwa mpweya wokhazikika wa ziwalo zosiyanasiyana. Medulla oblongata amasamalira kuyang'anira ntchito yopuma, kulisunga nthawi zonse.

Ndi njira yomwe chifukwa chofunikira kwambiri sichingadalire kuthekera kwathu kuyang'anira chidwi, chomwe chikuwonetsedwa, mwachitsanzo, poti sitimaiwala kupuma, ngakhale ntchito yomwe tikugwira, kapena ngakhale titagona. Mwambiri, medulla oblongata ndiyothandiza makamaka chifukwa cha ntchito zomwe zimaloleza kuyamika ndikuthokoza komwe timagwiritsa ntchito bwino kwambiri zinthu zamanjenje.

Nawo chakudya ndi chimbudzi

Kuwongolera minofu yosagwira ntchito, monga yomwe imakankhira chakudya munjira yogaya chakudya tikamadya, zimatengera gawo la zovuta za bulbar. Kuphatikiza pa kuwongolera minofu, magwiridwe antchito am'mimba amalumikizananso ndi medulla oblongata pokhazikitsa Kutulutsa kwa m'mimba kumayenderera. Izi zikutanthauza kuti ndi kapangidwe kaubongo komwe kamathandizira kukhalabe ndi magwiridwe antchito amthupi.