Matenda a Neurodegenerative: Mitundu, Zizindikiro Ndi Chithandizo

Zamkati

• Kuwunikanso kwa matenda ofunikira kwambiri amthupi ndi zizindikilo zake.
• Kodi matenda a neurodegenerative ndi ati?
• Zomwe zingayambitse
• Mitundu yodziwika bwino yamatenda amitsempha
• 1. Matenda a Alzheimer
• 2. Matenda a Parkinson
• 3. Multiple Sclerosis
• 4. Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
• 5. Chorea wa Huntington
• 6. Ataxia wa Friedreich
• Chithandizo cha matenda osokoneza bongo
• Zolemba pamabuku

Kuwunikanso kwa matenda ofunikira kwambiri amthupi ndi zizindikilo zake.

Tiyeni tiganizire za matenda omwe amatiwopseza kwambiri. Mwinanso, anthu ena amaganiza za khansa kapena Edzi, koma ena ambiri asankha Alzheimer's, kapena matenda ena omwe mumakhala kuchepa kwamaluso (makamaka amisala, komanso thupi). Ndipo lingaliro lotaya kuthekera kwathu (kusakhoza kukumbukira, kusakhoza kusuntha, kusadziwa kuti ndife ndani kapena komwe tili) ndi gawo lamaloto akulu kwambiri ndikuwopa ambiri.

Tsoka ilo, kwa anthu ena ndizoposa mantha: ndichinthu chomwe akukhala kapena akuyembekeza kukhala posachedwa. Ndizokhudza anthu omwe ali ndi matenda amitsempha yamagazi, lingaliro lomwe tikambirana m'nkhaniyi yonse.

Kodi matenda a neurodegenerative ndi ati?

Matenda a Neurodegenerative amadziwika kuti ndi matenda ndi zovuta zomwe zimadziwika ndi kupezeka kwa mitsempha, ndiye kuti, kutsika pang'ono pang'onopang'ono mpaka kufa kwa ma neuron amenewo ndi gawo lamanjenje athu.

Imfa yamitsempha yamtunduwu nthawi zambiri imangopita patsogolo ndipo siyimasinthika, imayambitsa zovuta zingapo kapena zovuta zina zomwe zimatha kukhala zopanda chizindikiro mpaka kuchititsa kuwonongeka kwamalingaliro ndi / kapena kuthekera kwakuthupi komanso kumabweretsa imfa (Mwachitsanzo, chifukwa chomangidwa ndi matenda amtima, chimodzi mwazomwe zimayambitsa kufa kwamitundu yambiri iyi).

Matenda a Neurodegenerative ndi amodzi mwazomwe zimayambitsa kufooka, chifukwa kutulutsa magazi mosalekeza kumatha kumapangitsa kuchepa kwa magwiridwe antchito ndikulephera kuthana ndi zofuna zachilengedwe, zofuna thandizo lakunja ndi madigiri osiyanasiyana othandizira.

Zomwe zingayambitse

Zomwe zimayambitsa matenda amtunduwu zimatha kukhala zingapo, ndizambiri zomwe zingakhudze mawonekedwe awo. Chiyambi cha funsoli chimadalira kwambiri matenda amitsempha omwe tikukambirana. Komabe, nthawi zambiri zomwe zimayambitsa matendawa sizidziwika.

Mwa zina mwazifukwa zomwe ena akukayikira zomwe akudziwa, zifukwa zina zili ndi matenda a ma virus omwe sanachiritsidwe omwe amakhudza dongosolo lamanjenje, kupezeka kwa zosintha zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ziwononge maselo a thupi, zoopsa ndi / kapena ngozi zam'magazi (pokhudzana ndi kupsinjika kwa mtima). Zowonjezera pazinthu zina monga Matupi a Lewy, zikwangwani za beta-amyloid kapena zingwe za neurofibrillary zimawonanso m'ma dementias ena, ngakhale chifukwa chomwe amawonekera sichikudziwika.

Mitundu yodziwika bwino yamatenda amitsempha

Pali matenda ambiri omwe angayambitse kuchepa ndi kufa kwa ma neuron m'dongosolo lathu lamanjenje. Matenda a dementia ndi ma neuromuscular nthawi zambiri amadziwika bwino komanso amakhala pafupipafupi. Pansipa titha kuwona zitsanzo za ena mwazofala kwambiri zama neurodegenerative matenda.

1. Matenda a Alzheimer

Imodzi mwa matenda odziwika bwino kwambiri a neurodegenerative ndi matenda a Alzheimer's, mwina vuto lomwe limakhala lodziwika bwino komanso lofala kwambiri pamtunduwu. Matendawa, omwe amayambira mu ma lobes a temporoparietal ndipo pambuyo pake amafalikira muubongo, alibe chifukwa chodziwika bwino. Zimayambitsa matenda amisala omwe amadziwika ndi kuchepa kwa mphamvu zamaganizidwe, kukumbukira kukhala chimodzi mwazinthu zomwe zakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi aphasic-apraxo-agnosic syndrome yomwe imawoneka kuti kuthekera kolankhula, kusanja komanso kuchita mayendedwe ovuta ndikuzindikira kumatayika chifukwa cha nkhope.

2. Matenda a Parkinson

Parkinson ndi matenda ena odziwika bwino komanso omwe amapezeka pafupipafupi. Mmenemo , kuchepa kwapang'onopang'ono kwa ma neuron a substantia nigra ndipo dongosolo la nigrostriatal limachitika, lomwe limakhudza kupanga ndi kugwiritsa ntchito dopamine panjira iyi. Zizindikiro zodziwika kwambiri ndi za mtundu wamagalimoto, ndikuchepetsa, kusokonezeka komanso mwina chizindikiro chodziwika bwino: kunjenjemera kwa parkinsonia m'malo opumira.

Itha kumaliza kupangitsa matenda a dementia, momwe, kuphatikiza pazizindikiro zapamwambazi, kuwonetseredwa, kusowa nkhope, kuchepa kwamaganizidwe, zovuta zokumbukira komanso zosintha zina zitha kuwonedwa.

3. Multiple Sclerosis

Matenda osachiritsika komanso osachiritsika omwe amabwera chifukwa chakuwonongedwa kwa dongosolo lamanjenje chifukwa cha momwe chitetezo cha mthupi chimatsutsana ndi myelin yomwe imakwirira ma neuron. Zimachitika mwanjira zophulika zomwe zimatha kuchira, pomwe thupi limayesera kukonzanso kutayika kwa myelin (ngakhale kuti chatsopanocho sichikhala chogonjera komanso chothandiza). Kutopa, kufooka kwa minofu, kusowa kolumikizana, zovuta zowoneka komanso zopweteka ndi ena mwa mavuto omwe amayambitsa, nthawi zambiri amakula kwambiri pakapita nthawi. Siziwerengedwa kuti ndizowopsa ndipo sizikhala ndi gawo lalikulu pazomwe munthu amakhala nazo.

4. Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis ndi amodzi mwamatenda am'mitsempha, omwe ndi amodzi mwamatenda am'magazi omwe amalumikizidwa ndikusintha ndi kufa kwama motor neurons. Momwe kuphulika kwa mitsempha kumachulukirachulukira, minofu imachepa mpaka kuyenda kwawo kodzifunira sikungatheke. Popita nthawi imatha kukhudza minofu yopuma, Chimodzi mwazomwe zimayambitsa ndikuti chiyembekezo cha moyo wa iwo omwe ali ndi vuto chimachepa kwambiri (ngakhale pali zina, monga Stephen Hawking).

5. Chorea wa Huntington

Matenda omwe amadziwika kuti Huntington's chorea ndi amodzi mwa matenda odziwika bwino omwe amachititsa kuti majini asatuluke. Matenda obadwa nawo opatsirana m'njira yodziyimira payokha, amadziwika ndi kupezeka kwa zosintha zamagalimoto, monga ma choreas kapena mayendedwe omwe amabwera chifukwa cha kupindika kwa minofu, kusunthika kwake kumakhala kofanana ndi gule. Kuphatikiza pa zizindikilo zamagalimoto, matendawa akamapitilira, zosintha zimawonekera pamaudindo akuluakulu, kukumbukira, kulankhula komanso umunthu.

Kukhalapo kwa zotupa zofunika muubongo kumawonedwa Kukula kwake konse, makamaka mu basal ganglia. Nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi malingaliro olakwika, amachepetsa kwambiri chiyembekezo cha moyo wa iwo omwe ali ndi matendawa ndikuthandizira kupezeka kwa matenda amtima komanso kupuma.

6. Ataxia wa Friedreich

Matenda obadwa nawo omwe amasintha dongosolo lamanjenje kudzera pakuphatikizika kwa ma neuron mumtsempha wam'mimba ndi mitsempha yomwe imayang'anira malekezero. Chovuta chowonekera kwambiri ndikulumikiza mayendedwe, kufooka kwa minofu, zovuta pakulankhula ndi kuyenda, komanso kuyenda kwamavuto. Kukula kwa matendawa nthawi zambiri kumapangitsa omwe akukhudzidwa kufuna thandizo ndi kugwiritsa ntchito ma wheelchair. Nthawi zambiri zimachitika limodzi ndi mavuto amtima.

Chithandizo cha matenda osokoneza bongo

Matenda ambiri amtundu wa neurodegenerative sachiritsidwa masiku ano (ngakhale alipo ena, chifukwa mwa ena omwe amayamba chifukwa cha matenda opatsirana amatha kutha). Komabe, pali mankhwala omwe cholinga chake ndi kuchepetsa kukula kwa matendawa ndikuchulukitsa kudziyimira pawokha komanso magwiridwe antchito a wodwalayo. Kutengera mlanduwu, Njira zosiyanasiyana zamankhwala zingagwiritsidwe ntchito zomwe zingachepetse zizindikiro za matendawa kapena mankhwala osiyanasiyana omwe amachepetsa magwiridwe antchito.

Poyamba, ziyenera kukumbukiridwa kuti matenda omwewo amakhala ovuta kwa wodwalayo, ndikupanga nthawi yachisoni komanso mavuto omwe amachokera. Kuda nkhawa ndi kukhumudwa zikuwonekeratu, ndipo ngakhale kusokonezeka kwa nkhawa kapena pambuyo povutikira kutengera mlanduwo. Zikatero, kugwiritsa ntchito psychotherapy kungakhale kofunikira, kusintha njirayi pamlandu uliwonse. Osangokhala kwa wodwala kokha, koma osamalira odwala amathanso kukumana ndi mavuto amtunduwu ndipo amafunikira chisamaliro cha akatswiri.

Psychoeducation ya onse wodwala komanso chilengedwe ponena za matendawa ndi zotsatira zake ndizofunikira, kuthandiza kuchepetsa kusatsimikizika komwe angakhale nako ndikupereka njira ndi njira zosinthira.

Kugwiritsa ntchito kukonzanso kwa neuropsychological, chithandizo chantchito, physiotherapy ndi chithandizo chamalankhulidwe ndichofala ngati gawo la njira zingapo zophunzitsira ndikuwonjezera moyo wabwino, boma, kuthekera ndi kudziyimira pawokha kwa wodwalayo. Nthawi zambiri zimatha kufunikira kugwiritsa ntchito zothandizira zakunja zomwe zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chindapusa kapena m'malo mwa maluso otayika monga zithunzi, ma ajenda (china chosavuta monga ichi chitha kukhala chothandiza kwambiri kwa anthu omwe ali ndi vuto lakukumbukira ndikukonzekera mwachitsanzo), zowoneka zothandizira kapena njira zoyendera monga ma wheelchair osinthidwa.

Zolemba pamabuku