Neuroprosthetic Yatsopano Ndi Kupambana Kwa AI Robotic

Asayansi ku EPFL (École polytechnique fédérale de Lausanne) ku Switzerland alengeza zakukhazikitsidwa kwa chida choyamba padziko lonse lapansi chogwiritsa ntchito maloboti-mtundu watsopano wa ma neuroprosthetic womwe umagwirizanitsa kuwongolera kwaumunthu ndi makina amisili (AI) opanga maloboti opitilira muyeso ndikusindikiza kafukufuku wawo ku September 2019 mkati Nzeru Zachilengedwe .

Neuroprosthetics (neural prosthetics) ndi zida zopangira zomwe zimathandizira kapena kupititsa patsogolo dongosolo lamanjenje kudzera pamagetsi kuti athetse zolakwika zomwe zimakhudza luso lamagalimoto, kuzindikira, masomphenya, kumva, kulumikizana, kapena luso lakumverera. Zitsanzo za ma neuroprosthetics zimaphatikizira maukadaulo amaubongo-makompyuta (BCIs), kukondoweza kwaubongo, zopatsa mphamvu za msana (SCS), zida zopangira chikhodzodzo, zopangira ma cochlear, komanso zopangira mtima.

Mtengo wapadziko lonse lapansi wamiyendo ikuyembekezeka kupitilira 2.3 biliyoni USD pofika 2025, malinga ndi ziwerengero za lipoti la Ogasiti 2019 la Global Market Insight. Mu 2018, mtengo wamsika wapadziko lonse lapansi udafika USD biliyoni imodzi kutengera lipoti lomweli. Anthu aku America pafupifupi mamiliyoni awiri adadulidwa ziwalo, ndipo amadulidwa kuposa 185,000 pachaka, malinga ndi National Limb Loss Information Center. Matenda a Vascular amachititsa 82 peresenti ya kudulidwa kwa US malinga ndi lipotilo.

Pulojekiti ya myoelectric imagwiritsidwa ntchito m'malo mwa ziwalo zathupi zomwe zidadulidwa ndi chiwalo chakunja chomwe chimayendetsedwa ndi minofu yomwe idalipo. Malinga ndi gulu lofufuzira la EPFL, zida zamalonda zomwe zilipo masiku ano zitha kupatsa ogwiritsa ntchito ufulu wodziyimira pawokha, koma kulimba kulikonse sikungakhale kovuta ngati dzanja lamunthu.

“Zida zamalonda nthawi zambiri zimagwiritsa ntchito makina awiri ojambulira kuti athane ndi ufulu umodzi; ndiye kuti, njira imodzi ya sEMG yopendekera komanso ina yowonjezera, ”adalemba ofufuza a EPFL kafukufuku wawo. `` Ngakhale ndizovuta, dongosololi limapereka kuthekera pang'ono. Anthu amasiya kugwiritsa ntchito makina opangira makina opangira makina opangira magesi amagetsi pamitengo yambiri, mwina chifukwa choti amaganiza kuti makinawo sangakwanitse kuyika mtengo ndi kuvuta kwa zipangizozi. ”

Pofuna kuthana ndi vuto lodzikongoletsa ndi ziwalo zopangira ma myoelectric, ofufuza a EPFL adatenga njira zingapo zophunzirira izi pophatikiza magawo asayansi a neuroengineering, robotic, ndi luntha lochita kupanga kuti apange gawo limodzi lamalamulo kuti "agawane nawo kulamulira. ”

Silvestro Micera, Bertarelli Foundation Wapampando wa EPFL ku Translational Neuroengineering, komanso Pulofesa wa Bioelectronics ku Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna ku Italy, akuwona kuti njira yomwe agawirayi yolamulira manja a robotic itha kusintha kukhudzika kwazachipatala komanso kugwiritsidwa ntchito pazinthu zingapo zama neuroprosthetic monga ubongo -to-makina polumikizira (BMIs) ndi manja a bionic.

Ofufuzawo analemba kuti: "Chimodzi mwazomwe opanga ma prostate amagwiritsa ntchito ma decoder ophatikizika m'malo mofananira ndi chifukwa chakuti omwe amagulitsa magawo amakhalabe okhazikika." “Pofuna kumvetsetsa, njira zoterezi ndizothandiza kupewa kuponya mwangozi koma zimapereka mwayi kwa omwe akuwagwiritsa ntchito poletsa kuchuluka kwa maimidwe amanja. Kukhazikitsa kwathu kogawira limodzi kumapereka mwayi kwa onse ogwiritsa ntchito ndikulimba mwamphamvu. Mu danga laulere, wogwiritsa ntchito amayang'anira kayendedwe ka manja, zomwe zimathandizanso kuti pakhale mawonekedwe oyenera kuti agwire. ”

Pakafukufukuyu, ofufuza a EPFL adayang'ana kwambiri mapangidwe a ma algorithms a pulogalamu-makina a robotic omwe amaperekedwa ndi maphwando akunja amakhala ndi Allegro Hand yoyikika pa loboti ya KUKA IIWA 7, makina a kamera ya OptiTrack ndi ma sensors a TEKSCAN.

Asayansi a EPFL adapanga kinematic proportional decoder popanga multilayer perceptron (MLP) kuti aphunzire kutanthauzira cholinga cha wogwiritsa ntchitoyo kuti amasulire m'manja mwa zala. A multilayer perceptron ndi njira yodyetsera yopangira ma neural yomwe imagwiritsa ntchito zobwezeretsanso. MLP ndi njira yophunzirira yozama pomwe chidziwitso chimapita patsogolo mbali imodzi, motsutsana ndi kuzungulira kapena kuzungulira kudzera pa netiweki yopanga.

Ma algorithm amaphunzitsidwa ndi zomwe adalemba kuchokera kwa wogwiritsa ntchito mayendedwe angapo. Kwa nthawi yolumikizana mwachangu, njira ya Levenberg – Marquardt idagwiritsidwa ntchito pokonza zolemera zamanetiweki m'malo mokomera. Njira yonse yophunzitsira inali yachangu ndipo imatenga mphindi zosakwana 10 pamutu uliwonse, ndikupangitsa kuti magwiridwe antchito akhale othandiza kuchokera pazogwiritsa ntchito zamankhwala.

"Kwa woduka ziwalo, ndizovuta kwambiri kulumikizana ndi mnofu njira zambiri, zosiyanasiyana zowongolera njira zonse zomwe zala zathu zimayendera," atero Katie Zhuang ku EPFL Translational Neural Engineering Lab, yemwe anali woyamba kulemba kafukufukuyu . "Zomwe timachita ndikuyika masensa awa pachitsa chawo chotsalira, kenako ndikujambula ndi kuyesa kutanthauzira zomwe mayendedwe ake ali. Chifukwa chakuti ma siginolo amatha kukhala phokoso pang'ono, chomwe tikufunikira ndimakina ophunzirira makina omwe amatulutsa zochitika zaphindu m'matumba amenewo ndikuwatanthauzira mayendedwe. Ndipo mayendedwe amenewa ndi omwe amalamulira chala chilichonse cha manja a maloboti. ”

Chifukwa cholosera zamakina osunthira zala mwina sizingakhale zolondola 100%, ofufuza a EPFL adaphatikizira makina a robotic kuti athandizire dzanja loyikiratu ndikuyamba kutseka mozungulira chinthu akangolumikizana koyamba. Ngati wogwiritsa ntchito akufuna kutulutsa chinthu, zomwe akuyenera kuchita ndikuyesera kutsegula dzanja kuti azimitse woyang'anira wa robotic, ndikubwezeretsanso wogwiritsa ntchito dzanja.

Malinga ndi Aude Billard yemwe amatsogolera EPFL's Learning Algorithms and Systems Laboratory, dzanja lamaloboti limatha kuchitapo kanthu mkati mwa 400 milliseconds. "Pokhala ndi zida zamagetsi nthawi zonse zala, imatha kuchita ndi kukhazikitsa chinthucho ubongo usanazindikire kuti chinthucho chatsika," anatero a Billard.

Pogwiritsira ntchito nzeru zamakono ku neuroengineering ndi roboti, asayansi a EPFL awonetsa njira yatsopano yolamulirana pakati pamakina ndi ogwiritsa ntchito - kupita patsogolo kwaukadaulo wa neuroprosthetic.

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