Paradigm Yatsopano Yophunzitsira Gofu

Zidali kuti kutchula "kulingalira" ndi "kuzindikira" pokhudzana ndi kuphunzitsira zamasewera kumalandiridwa ndi anthu oseketsa. Wina atha kukhala akugwira mawu wamkulu wa gofu Ty Webb (Chevy Chase) kuchokera mufilimu Caddyshack akuuza yemwe amamuteteza kuti "akhale mpira basi."

Golf imapereka mwayi wabwino. Kuyambira m'ma 1970, Tim Gallwey ( Masewera Amkati a Gofu ) ndi Michael Murphy ( Gofu mu Ufumu ) adagwiritsa ntchito sayansi ndi fanizo polimbikitsa lingaliro loti magwiridwe antchito apamwamba komanso kulingalira kwamaganizidwe kumatha kutero mwachilengedwe ngati okwera galasi atha kuchepetsa nkhawa, kudziweruza molakwika, komanso nkhani zodzitsutsa zomwe adadzipangira za iwo komanso kuthekera kwawo. Kutengera ndi lingaliro loti kubweretsa kulingalira komanso kuzindikira kwakuya kwam'maganizo pa gofu ndikofunika kwambiri, mawonekedwe omwe akutulukawa amaphunzitsa kuti nzeru zam'thupi zimatha kupanga zachilengedwe, zothandiza, komanso zamasewera ngati luntha lomwelo limamasulidwa ndikuwunikiridwa bwino.

Shivas Irons adakhala Bagger Vance ndipo kuzindikira kwanzeru kumawoneka kuti kwalowa mdziko laukadaulo la gofu.

Kuphunzitsa gofu wamba kumangoyang'ana zolakwika ndi kukonza. Kuthamanga kwa gofu kwagawika m'magulu ake. Kutengera wophunzitsa, gawo limodzi kapena lina limatsindika, momwe limathandizira pakuwunika kwathunthu, ndipo kubowoleza kumodzi ndikulimbikitsidwa kuti kulikulitse. Mwachitsanzo, ophunzira ambiri amamvetsetsa kufunikira kokhala ndi njira yolowera mkati, makamaka popeza golfer wamba amabwera "pamwamba." Kutengera ndi mlangizi, "vuto" ili limatha "kukonzedwa" kudzera muma drill angapo osiyanasiyana. Mphunzitsi m'modzi atha kuphunzitsa wophunzirayo kugwetsa kalabu mu "slot" pomenya manja ake mmwamba ndi pansi pamwamba pobwerera kumbuyo; wina atha kunena kuti kukokera phazi lakumanja kubwerera mainchesi 10 ku adilesi; ndipo ena amalimbikitsa kutseka mawonekedwe, kulimbikitsa kulimba, kapena kuyika chivundikiro kunja kwa mpira ngati cholepheretsa kuwona pamwamba.

Zina mwazozigwirira ntchito. Umboni, komabe, ndikuti kukonza sikukhalitsa ndipo, kuwonjezera apo, wophunzirayo sangathe "kukonzekeretsa" bwino maphunzirowo. Cholinga chake ndikuti kuwongolera kwa wophunzirayo sikukuyenda limodzi ndi kuzindikira kwakatundu komwe kumamveka pakati pazolakwika ndi kukonza. Zomwe akufuna kapena kukonza ndikukonza zomwe zaphwanyidwa, osangokhala munthawiyo ndikuzindikira zochitika zake za sensorimotor. Ndipo ngati wophunzirayo samva, samazindikira kusiyanasiyana, sangakhalepo pazomwe zikuchitika mthupi lake komanso mu kalabu panthawi ya "vuto" komanso "kukonza," kenako kufunika kwa kukonza kudzazilala.

Atapambana US Open ndi mikwingwirima 8 mu 2011, Rory McIlroy adalankhula zakufunika koti "akhale munthawiyo" mu mpikisanowu wonse. Palibe amene adasekerera.

"Makochi amisili," inde, tsopano ndiwofala kwambiri ndipo athandiza kulimbikitsa magalasi ndi aphunzitsi chimodzimodzi pakufunika kophatikiza malingaliro ndi thupi polimbikitsa ophunzira kukhala ndi malingaliro abwino, kuwona bwino, kuchita maluso owunikira, ndikuchepetsa kusalekerera kwawo (kwathu) palimodzi ndikusaleza mtima ndi zolakwitsa, zolephera, ndi zokhumudwitsa mkati ndi panjira.

Komabe, kuyerekezera ndi kuyeserera kozindikira komanso malingaliro abwino, ngakhale kuli kofunikira, kumangokhala "njira" kapena "maluso" ena kuti athetse, osati kwenikweni kudziwa, zomwe zili zolakwika mumasewera a munthu, motero, zitha kulimbikitsa malingaliro akuti kusintha kwamaganizidwe kumatha konzani masewera anu.

Ochita kafukufuku ku Great Britain adazindikira kuti kuganiza mopitilira muyeso gofu woyipa chifukwa cha zomwe adazitcha "kuphimba mawu," zomwe zimapangitsa ubongo kuyang'ana kwambiri m'malo azilankhulo osati machitidwe am'magazi omwe amathandizira maluso omwe akukambidwa.

Monga katswiri wamaganizidwe, ndaphunzira momwe anthu amaphunzirira ndikusintha. Monga golfer, ndaphunzira momwe gofu amaphunzitsidwira komanso amaphunzirira. Ndipo ngakhale akatswiri ambiri aziphunzitso amavomereza mphamvu yamaganizidwe ndi kufunika kodziwitsa, ndi ochepa omwe amadziwa momwe angaiphunzitsire, ndipo owerengeka ndi omwe amawayika patsogolo. Kuyesera kuyimitsa malingaliro olakwika, mwachitsanzo, kapena m'malo mwake ndi zithunzi zabwino, sikuti sizimangogwira ntchito nthawi zonse, koma nthawi zambiri zimabwerera m'mbuyo, zomwe zimafooketsa wophunzirayo. Kulumikiza kupezeka ndi kulingalira ndi kusintha kwenikweni pamachitidwe a gofu ndi nkhani ina yonse. Kupatula apo, kodi munthu amaphunzitsa bwanji kulingalira za golfer yemwe amazunzidwa ndi kagawo kake?

Mphunzitsi m'modzi akuwoneka kuti wapeza njira yomwe imagwira ntchito. Woyambitsa The School for Extraordinary Golf ku Carmel Valley, Calif., Fred Shoemaker anali wophunzira wa Tim Gallway. Shoemaker adalemba mabuku awiri, amayendetsa masukulu mazana ambiri a gofu (omwe amangolengezedwa ndi pakamwa) ndi opitilira 95 peresenti kuyambira 1990, ndipo adapatsa maphunziro 40,000 kwa ochita masewera olimbitsa thupi komanso akatswiri. Iye ndi Jo Hardy posachedwapa adatulutsa kanema wofotokozera momwe adafotokozera mwatsatanetsatane.

Ngakhale anthu amalakwitsa kutsindika kwa Shoemaker pakuzindikira pakuphunzitsa masewera amisala, zosiyana ndizowona. Cholinga cha Shoemaker ndikuthandiza ophunzira kusiyanitsa pakati pamitu yawo ndikukhalapo mokwanira m'matupi awo. Amawaphunzitsa kuti afufuze magawo asanu ofunikira a gofu wolowera pazomwe adakumana nazo:

1. Kukhalapo kwa kulumikizana kolimba pakati-nkhope (mwina kofunikira kwambiri)
2. Udindo weniweni (wotseguka vs. wotsekedwa) wamakalabu awo pamutu wonse
3. Njira yeniyeni (mkati ndi kunja) ya kalabu kudzera pakukhudza
4. kulumikizana kwa matupi awo ndi chibonga chawo ku adilesi komanso pachimake
5. Zomwe akumana nazo zaufulu komanso kulumikizana kwawo ndi chandamale.

Akatswiri, malinga ndi Shoemaker, amapezeka kwambiri pamlingo uliwonse wa swing kuposa amateurs. M'malo mwake, akuti kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pa akatswiri ndi akatswiri kutengera kudziwa kwawo. Mawanga akhungu akale ndi ochepa pomwe omwe omaliza amakhala akulu. Akatswiri amatha kumva komwe mutu wamakalabu umakhala pafupifupi nthawi zonse. Sagunda kumbuyo kwa mpira nthawi zambiri chifukwa kuzindikira kwawo kwakatundu, mphamvu yokoka, kosasinthika kumapangitsa kukhala kosatheka. Amalumikizidwa ndi chandamale, pomwe amateurs amalumikizidwa ndi mpira.

Potsanzira Gallwey, thupi, malinga ndi Shoemaker, lili ndi luntha lachilengedwe, ngati tingangochokapo. Amanena izi modabwitsa pomwe amajambula ophunzira ake akuponya gofu. Ndichoncho — gofu. Amamufunsa wophunzirayo kuti azigwiritsa ntchito adilesi yake kenako ndikuponyera kalabu ya gofu mtunda wina kupita ku fairway mwamtendere. Popeza kulibe mpira, kuponyera kalabu uku ndikosinthika mwanjira inayake (chandamale) "kunja uko." Wopanga nsapato amatcha izi kusambira kwathu kwachilengedwe. Chodabwitsa ndichakuti, kusinthasintha kwa wophunzira aliyense, kuphatikizaponso wa 25 opanga ndi manja, akuwoneka pavidiyo kuti ndiwamphamvu, othamanga, komanso wokhazikika, wokhala ndi mphompho komanso mawonekedwe olumikizana pakati pazigawo zonse zosuntha. Nthawi yomwe ophunzira ambiri amayankha mpira, mawonekedwe awo "achizolowezi" amawoneka mwadzidzidzi - pamwamba, pang'ono pang'ono, kotseguka, komanso mphamvu zochepa.

Mfundo ya Shoemaker ndikuti pamene cholinga cha munthu ndi chidwi chake chimayang'aniridwa, thupi limadziwa zoyenera kuchita. Pamaso pa mpira, thupi limakhalanso lowala; komabe, nthawi ino chandamale mosazindikira chimakhala mpira. Cholinga chenicheni cha ochita masewerawa ndikulumikizana ndi mpira, ndipo "vuto" lililonse limasinthidwa kuti likwaniritse izi.

Thupi limadziwa zomwe likuchita. Koma posazindikira, zimatha kungogwiritsabe ntchito moyo wokondedwa.

Wodziwika bwino kwambiri wa golfer kuti sanapezekepo, chifukwa chake, kuti sangathenso kuzindikira chilichonse, nthawi zambiri amawululidwa poyika zobiriwira. Kukhalapo kwa "yips" ndi umboni wokhudzana kwambiri ndi izi. Apa, mavuto, kulumikizana kwamaganizidwe, ndi kusagwirizana ndi chowonadi chomwe nthawi zambiri chimapanga malo osawoneka bwino chimatha kwathunthu. Kuyika, chifukwa chake, nthawi zambiri kumatha kukhala bwalo lamphamvu pophunzitsira ophunzira za kuzindikira komanso kusiyanitsa pakati popezeka zenizeni, ndikukhala pamutu panu.

Pofuna kuwonetsa zodabwitsazi, Shoemaker amafunsa wophunzira kuti ayike mpira mu chikho kuchokera mainchesi awiri, ndikuwona zomwe zamuchitikira, zomwe zimadziwika kuti kulibe lingaliro. Kenako amabwereza zochitikazo, pang'onopang'ono akuyika mpira patali ndikupita patali, ndikumufunsa wophunzirayo kuti anene mtunda womwe ena amaganiza, osayitanidwa, amalowa m'mutu mwake. Nthawi zambiri, pafupifupi phazi limodzi kapena awiri, wophunzirayo amayamba kunena kuti "Ndikuyang'ana kwambiri pano," kapena "ndikuyembekeza kuti sindiphonya," kapena "tengani nthawi yanu, ndikumenya." Malingaliro awa amabwera osadandaula. Samathandiza kuti a putt alowemo. Nthawi zambiri amakhala olakwika kapena osamala. Amayambitsa kuyambika kwa kupsinjika kwa minofu. Kuyesera kuwagwiritsa ntchito sikugwira ntchito. Kuwasintha ndi zithunzi zabwino kumangopangitsa kuti wina azikika m'mutu mwake. Wophunzirayo tsopano ali m'maganizo mwake komanso kulumikizana kwake ndi chibonga, mpira, dzenje, komanso ufulu wokhala nawo mainchesi awiri wayamba kuchepa.

Wopanga nsapato amalimbikitsa ophunzira kuti angolola kuti malingaliro awa awonekere, azindikire, ndikungobwereranso mobwerezabwereza kuzowona zomwe zimafunikira-thupi lawo, mpira, chibonga ndi chandamale. "Khalani nawo pachilichonse," akutero, "popanda kuweruza." Malingalirowa amawoneka kuti amabwera paokha, ndipo atha kuzimiririka okha ngati sitikuwasokoneza ndi zenizeni.

Wopanga nsapato amachititsa ophunzira kuyesa zoyeserera zomwe zimawachotsa pamutu pawo. Amayang'ana kubowo m'malo moyang'ana mpira, zindikirani kumveka kwa putter ikamalumikizana ndi nkhope motsutsana ndi pamene sichitero. Amayika ndi maso atatsekedwa ndipo amayenera "kulingalira" ngati mpira ndi waufupi, wautali, wamanzere, kapena wamanja, kenako amatsegula maso awo ndikuwona mgwirizano womwe ulipo pakati pa zomwe a putt akumva ngati akuchita motsutsana ndi zomwe zikuchitikadi. Mofananamo, atha kufunsa wophunzira kuti agudubule mpira pogwiritsa ntchito dzanja lake kubiriwira pabowo, akuwona mwatsatanetsatane momwe ikuphwanya komanso kuthamanga kwake. Kenako amafunsa wophunzirayo kuti abwerere pa dzenje lomwelo, cholinga chake ndikuwona kusiyana pakudziwitsa ndikuwunika pakati pazinthu ziwirizi.

"Masewera" onsewa ali ndi cholinga chimodzi: kukulitsa kuzindikira kwa wophunzira pazinthu zilizonse zomwe zingachitike pakuyika.

Mfundo yaikulu ya njira ya Shoemaker ilibe chochita ndi mwayi wopezera zotsatira. Ndikuti kukulitsa kuzindikira ndi kupezeka pokhudzana ndi njirayi ndiye njira yokhayo yotsimikizirira zotsatira zake, kutsitsa zomwe munthu akuchita. Pali njira 57 zofotokozera kusiyana pakati pa Tiger Woods ndi ine tikamasewera gofu. Koma chimodzi mwazofunikira kwambiri chagona pakusiyana kwakukulu pakudziwitsa kwathu zomwe zikuchitika mkati mwa sekondi imodzi yomwe imafunika kuti mutsegule gofu. Ndipo chifukwa cha kusiyana kumeneku, Tiger imatha kudziphunzitsa yokha ikayamba kugwedezeka, pomwe ine ndimasintha momwe ndimakhalira ngati golfer.

Kalekale Fred Shoemaker asanatenge kalabu ya gofu, yemwe sanali golfer, Albert Einstein, adalongosola kufunikira kogwira ntchito yathu yakuya pomwe adati: Malingaliro abwinobwino ndi mphatso yopatulika ndipo malingaliro anzeru ndi wantchito wokhulupirika. Takhazikitsa gulu lomwe limalemekeza wantchitoyo ndikuyiwala mphatsoyo.