Osakhala nzika, Osakhala Wachilendo

Owerenga omwe adakhalako mzaka za m'ma 1980 atha kukumbukira nyimbozi kuchokera pagulu la nyimbo ya Sting "Englishman ku New York":

O, ndine mlendo, ndine mlendo mwalamulo
Ndine Wachingelezi ku New York

M'chinenedwe chakusamukira ku U.S.

"Mlendo" m'malamulo olowa m'dziko

Kugwiritsa ntchito mlendo m'malamulo othawa kwawo kwakhala kwachilendo ku United States. Mawuwa akhala ali mu lexicon yovomerezeka yaboma kuyambira 1798, pomwe idagwiritsidwa ntchito mu Alien and Sedition Machitidwe. Awa anali malamulo omwe amapangitsa kuti munthu wobwera kudziko lina akhale ovuta kukhala nzika, ndikuloleza boma kuti limange ndikuchotsa anthu osakhala nzika omwe amawawona kuti ndi owopsa kapena amwano.

Zaka mazana angapo pambuyo pake, "mlendo" tsopano akutanthauziridwa kuti amanyoza komanso kunyoza anthu ambiri, motero Purezidenti watsopano wa United States akufuna kupitiliza mawuwa. Polemba ndalama zakubwera zomwe Joe Biden watumiza ku Congress, alemba kuti oyang'anira atsopanowa "akuvomerezanso America ngati dziko la osamukira posintha liwu loti 'mlendo' kukhala 'wosakhala nzika' m'malamulo athu olowa m'dziko."

Ponena za kusamuka, alendo adayamba kugwiritsidwa ntchito m'maiko ena kalekale, kuphatikiza ku UK ndi Australia, pomwe ku Canada mawu oti "akunja" amagwiritsidwa ntchito. Kusintha "mlendo" ndi "wosakhala nzika" ndi njira yolondola kwambiri yofotokozera zakusamukira kwamunthu, komanso zomwe sizonyansa.

Chifukwa chiyani "mlendo" amadziwika kuti ndiwonyansa?

Popeza matanthauzidwe ake pachikhalidwe chofala, "alendo" amakumbutsa zithunzi za ma UFO ndi zakunja; amuna ang'ono obiriwira okhala ndi maso akuda kwambiri ndi tinyanga pamitu pawo. Chosangalatsa ndichakuti, nthano zopeka zasayansi za mlendo monga "osati za Dziko Lapansi" kapena "kuchokera ku pulaneti lina" ndizatsopano, ndipo zangoyambira mkatikati mwa ma 1900. Uku ndiye lingaliro lofunika kwambiri la "mlendo" lero.

Zoumba zoumba pambali, alendo atha kukhala osagwiritsidwa ntchito poyerekeza ndi anthu. Ndi mawu omwe amatanthauza "mlendo" ndi "mlendo." Mawuwa amachokera ku Chilatini mlendo , kutanthauza “wachilendo, wachilendo” ndiponso “kukhala wa wina, osati wache.” Amapereka lingaliro loti "wakunja" komanso munthu amene sangakhudzidwe kapena kukhala mgulu la anthu ena. Mawuwa amalimbikitsa kusankhana mitundu, ndipo "timatsutsana nawo" malingaliro.

Mlendo yemwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati cholembera amasuliza alendo. Ndilo liwu lina lomwe limafotokozera munthu osati wosiyana, komanso wowopsa, komanso mdani. Panthawi ya nkhondo yachiwiri yapadziko lonse, boma la United States linakhazikitsa ntchito zabodza zolimbikitsa anthu kuti azitsutsana ndi mdani wamba, pomwe zikwangwani za nthawiyo zinali kuchenjeza olemba anzawo ntchito kulemba ntchito "alendo," zomwe zimayambitsa chidani komanso mantha kwa omwe asamukira.

Mlendo amakhalanso ndi tanthauzo loipa chifukwa limalumikizidwa kwambiri ndi alendo osaloledwa chifukwa cha mawu omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ngati "mlendo wosaloledwa." Ogwira ntchito opanda zikalata ku U.S. Tikaganiza za munthu ngati "wosaloledwa" timasiya kumuwona ngati munthu wofunafuna moyo wabwino, m'malo mwake timamuwona ngati "wachifwamba" woyenera kuchitiridwa nkhanza.

Kulumikizana kwaposachedwa kuchokera ku Customs and Border Protection m'malo mwake kwatchula osamukirawo ngati "anthu," monga kutulutsa kwatsopano komwe kudalengeza za nyumba ya stash ku Laredo, Texas.

'Osakhala nzika,' osati 'alendo'

Kuyambira kukhazikitsidwa kwa Purezidenti Biden, pakhala kuchepa kwakukulu kwa kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa "mlendo" pazofalitsa ndi zikalata zochokera ku department of Homeland Security. Kusintha uku kukuwonetsa kuti kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa "alendo" kumapeto kwake kumatha kupuma pantchito, kungotisiya ndi alendo akunja asayansi komanso chikhalidwe cha pop. Kusinthaku kukuwonetsanso kuti oyang'anira atsopano aku US akuyimira mawonekedwe opilira komanso opita patsogolo.

Kuti mumve zambiri, onani buku langa Zokhumudwitsa: Tsankho M'chilankhulo Zakale komanso Zamakono.