Mlembi: John Stephens
Tsiku La Chilengedwe: 23 Jayuwale 2021
Sinthani Tsiku: 1 Kuni 2024
Anonim
Kuzengereza, Kudziimba Mlandu, Zikhululukiro ndi Njira Zoyendedwerako - Maphunziro A Psychorarapy
Kuzengereza, Kudziimba Mlandu, Zikhululukiro ndi Njira Zoyendedwerako - Maphunziro A Psychorarapy

Zamkati

Kuyambira zaka za m'ma 1950 ndi Leon Festinger's (ndi ophunzira ake) omwe adayamba kugwira ntchito yodziwitsa zakusokonekera kwa chidziwitso, akatswiri amisala atha maola ambiri akuphunzira momwe kuchita motsutsana ndi momwe zimakhalira kumabweretsa chisangalalo. Chifukwa chiyani? Anthu ambiri amayesetsa kukhalabe odzidalira. Anthu ambiri amafuna kuchita bwino, mwamakhalidwe, ndikuti athe kuneneratu zamakhalidwe awo. Pamene zochita zathu ndi zikhulupiriro kapena zikhulupiliro ziwiri zikutsutsana, zimakhala zosagwirizana. Kusokonekera kumakhala kosasangalatsa.Tikufuna kudzimasula ku mkhalidwe woipawu.

Pachikhalidwe, ofufuza aphunzira za mpumulowu mwa kusintha kwa malingaliro. Khalidwe langa likasemphana ndi malingaliro anga, sinthani malingaliro anga. Ndizosavuta, ndipo ndizofala. Ndi msewu womwe amayenda kwambiri, monga akunenera. Ndingathenso kusintha khalidwe langa. Koma, ngakhale Festinger wanena kuti izi sizophweka kapena zosavuta (ndipo kawirikawiri njira yomwe amakonda; ndi msewu wocheperako). Monga Dylan wanenera pamwambapa, ndikosavuta kuchita zomwe zili zoyenera, osati zomwe timakhulupirira, kenako ndikulapa.


Ndangomaliza kuwerenga zomwe wophunzira adachita kafukufuku wake wokhudza kusamvetsetsa bwino. Anali kuwerenga bwino kwambiri, ndipo akufuna maphunziro osangalatsa. Zachidziwikire, ndimawerenga ntchito yake kudzera mu "fyuluta" yanga yofufuza mozengereza, ndipo izi zidanditengera kumalo osiyanasiyana.

Ndicho chimene ndikufuna kulemba lero - kusokonezeka maganizo ndi kuzengereza.

Sikuti "anthu samachita zomwe amakhulupirira" koma nthawi zambiri anthu samachita zomwe akufuna kuchita. Amachita zomwe zili zoyenera (momwe akumvera). Ndiye chiyani?

Tikafuna kuchitapo kanthu, pomwe tili ndi cholinga chomwe tapanga kuchitapo kanthu, ndipo sitichitapo kanthu (mwakufuna kwathu komanso mosaganizira posankha kuchedwa kuchitapo kanthu ngakhale tikudziwa kuti izi zingatikhudze), timakumana ndi dissonance. Ichi ndi chimodzi mwazinthu zofunika kuzengeleza.

Dylan akuti "talapa" pambuyo pake. Titha. Ndafufuzapo za kulapa uku mwa kudzikhululukira. Zimachitika, ndipo zikuwoneka kuti zikuthandizira.


Nthawi zambiri, ndimaganiza kuti timachita njira zina zochepetsera kusamvana komwe kumachitika chifukwa chozengereza. Dissonance iyi imadziwika ndikumva kulakwa, ndipo timachita chilichonse chomwe tingathe kuti tithetse kukhumudwa.

Nazi zina mwanjira zomwe ofufuza adalemba ngati mayankho ku dissonance (ndi njira zomwe tingachepetsere dissonance).

  1. Kusokoneza - amalola anthu kuti asinthe chidwi chawo kuti asatengeke ndi zomwe sakufuna kuzidziwa ndikupewa zoyipa zomwe zimachitika chifukwa cha kusakhazikika;
  2. Kuiwala - itha kukhala m'njira ziwiri, kungokhala chabe komanso yogwira ntchito. Zosasamala nthawi zambiri zimakhala choncho ndi malingaliro osafunikira, pomwe titha kupondereza kuzindikira komwe kumayambitsa chisokonezo;
  3. Kupeputsa - Zimakhudza kusintha zikhulupiriro kuti muchepetse kufunikira kwa kusamvana kopanga malingaliro kapena zikhulupiriro;
  4. Kudzivomereza - timayang'ana kwambiri pamakhalidwe athu abwino ndi mikhalidwe ina yomwe imatsimikiziranso za kudzidalira kwathu ndi umphumphu ngakhale tili osakhutira;
  5. Kukana udindo - amatilola kuti tidziphatikize tokha ngati wothandizira pa dissonance;
  6. Kuphatikiza kuzindikira kwamakonsonanti - nthawi zambiri pofunafuna zatsopano zomwe zikugwirizana ndi malingaliro athu; ndipo
  7. Khalidwe losintha - kuti tigwirizane bwino ndi zikhulupiriro ndi zikhulupiliro zathu, ngakhale kuti kusintha machitidwe a munthu kumafunikira khama ndipo nthawi zambiri si njira yabwino kwambiri yochepetsera kusamvana.

Ili ndi mndandanda, ndipo kunena zowona ine - monganso ofufuza ambiri - ndikuganiza kuti ichi ndiye nsonga chabe ya madzi oundana. Tili ndi njira zambiri zomwe zingatipangitse kudzimva bwino tikamachepetsa kukhumudwa. Ndipo, ndife akatswiri pakuwagwiritsa ntchito kuti azikhala osangalatsa tsiku ndi tsiku. Ndi gawo la njira zathu zothetsera mavuto.


Kuti anati, sizinthu zonse zothetsera vuto zomwe zimasintha. Nthawi zonse, kafukufuku wasonyeza kuti maluso monga kusokoneza, kuyiwala, kupeputsa komanso kukana udindo ndi njira zomwe zimayang'ana kwambiri pamalingaliro zomwe sizigwira ntchito kwakanthawi ngati njira zothetsera mavuto. Inde, tiyenera kusamalira malingaliro athu, koma apa sipangakhale pomwe kupirira kumaima. Ngati ndi choncho, imangokhala "kudzipereka kuti timve bwino," ndipo tidzalipira pamapeto pake ngati ili ndiye njira yathu yayifupi.

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