Zomwe Zimakhudza Maganizo Pokupambana kwa Ophunzira

Zamkati

• Kulimbikitsanso Kuwerenga Kofunika
• Momwe Mungakhalire ndi Zolinga Zambiri

"Nchiyani chimapangitsa wophunzira kukhala wopambana kusukulu, pomwe ena amavutika?" Ndangofunsa posachedwa.

Monga momwe ndidalemba m'mbuyomu, gawo lina la yankho lingakhale ndi kukhulupirira kuti wophunzira akhoza kuphunzira pawokha, monganso ana amaphunzirira pawokha asanaphunzire kusukulu. Aphunzitsi ndi makolo atha kulimbikitsa ophunzira kuti alumikizane ndi "chibadwa chawo" kuti aphunzire pawokha, makamaka panthawiyi pomwe ophunzira ayenera kuphunzira kunyumba popanda kuyang'aniridwa molunjika.

Chidziwitso cha ophunzira ndi chovuta, komabe, ndipo nthawi zambiri chimanyalanyazidwa. Monga wophunzitsa za maphunziro, a John Dewey, adalemba koyambirira kwa zaka za zana la 20, "Pakatikati pa mphamvu yokoka ili kunja kwa mwanayo. Ndi mphunzitsi, buku lowerenga, kulikonse komanso kulikonse komwe mungakonde kupatula zomwe mwana amachita mwadzidzidzi."

Momwe ndimayesera kumvetsetsa zomwe zimapangitsa ophunzira ena kuchita bwino pasukulu pazaka 20 zapitazi ndikuphunzitsa ku koleji, ndakhala ndikubwerera mobwerezabwereza ku madera atatu omwe amalumikizana nawo omwe atha kukhala opindulitsa kwambiri kuwunika: malingaliro, kudziletsa, komanso chidwi. Kafukufuku wamaganizidwe apeza kuti magawo awa ndiofunika kwambiri pakupambana kwa ophunzira.

Malingaliro

Chimodzi mwazizindikiro zoyambirira zamaganizidwe amachitidwe a ophunzira chimakhudza momwe amafotokozera kupambana ndi kulephera kwa iwo eni. Pazaka zopitilira 30 za kafukufuku, katswiri wazamisala ku University ya Stanford a Carol Dweck nthawi zonse wapeza kuti anthu omwe ali ndi "malingaliro okhazikika" - omwe amakhulupirira kuti kuchita bwino ndikulephera kumawonetsa kuthekera kwina kosatheka kusintha ngakhale zitachitika - nthawi zambiri zimawonetsa kutsika magwiridwe antchito pakapita nthawi.

Dweck akuwona kuti izi zitha kuchitika, mwa zina, chifukwa chakuti anthu omwe ali ndi malingaliro okhazikika sangakumane ndi zovuta pachiyambi ndipo sangapirire mavuto akabwera. Mosiyana ndi izi, anthu omwe ali ndi "kukula kwamaganizidwe" - omwe amakhulupirira kuti kuthekera kumatha kupangidwa chifukwa chogwira ntchito molimbika kapena kuyesetsa kapena kuyesa njira zosiyanasiyana mpaka imodzi igwire - nthawi zambiri amawonetsa magwiridwe antchito pakapita nthawi. Anthu omwe ali ndi malingaliro okulira amatha kufunafuna zovuta ndikukhulupirira kuti atha kuthana ndi zovuta popirira.

Mwachitsanzo, ndikukumbukira nditauzidwa ndili ndi chaka choyamba ku koleji kuti sindinali wolemba bwino, ndipo ndimakumbukiranso nthawi zambiri kugwira ntchito molimbika kuposa omwe ndimakhala nawo pamapepala aku koleji. Komabe, ndinapanga kusintha kwakulemba kwanga kukhala ntchito yanga ku koleji, ndipo nthawi yomwe ndimakhala wamkulu, nthawi zambiri ndimauzidwa kuti ndine wolemba bwino. Tsopano, anthu amandiuza kuti sangakhulupirire kuti nditha kulemba mwachangu bwanji malingaliro ovuta. Nthawi zambiri, amati izi ndi luso langa lolemba; komabe, ndikudziwa kuti luso lililonse lolemba lomwe ndili nalo lapangidwa ndi ntchito yayikulu komanso khama.

Kudziletsa Kwako

Chinthu chachiwiri chamaganizidwe chomwe chingakhale ndi gawo lofunikira pakuzindikira momwe ophunzira akugwirira ntchito chimakhudza kudziletsa. Mwachitsanzo, kafukufuku wina, ofufuza ku Yunivesite ya Pennsylvania adawonetsa momwe ophunzirira a eyiti maphunziro awo adanenedweratu kawiri ndikudzilanga okha monga momwe amachitira ndi mayeso anzeru.

Pogwirizana ndi izi, ndikukumbukira wophunzira wina yemwe ndimaganiza kuti adzalephera. Anali wobwera kumene kuchokera ku Ethiopia ndipo zimawoneka kuti samadziwa Chingerezi pang'ono. Adalephera mozama mayeso awiri oyamba mu imodzi mwamaphunziro anga, koma poyankha, adadziletsa kuti aziphunzira nthawi iliyonse yomwe ali ndi nthawi yopuma. Adafunafuna maphunziro kuchokera kwa anthu angapo. Anawerenganso mitu mobwerezabwereza kuti adziwe zambiri.

Modabwitsa, wophunzira uyu adalandira "B" pamayeso achitatu, "A" pamayeso achinayi, ndi "A" kumapeto. Ndinaganiza ndekha kuti ngati munthu uyu - yemwe chilankhulo chake sichinali Chingerezi ndipo anali ndi zovuta zambiri - atha kusintha magwiridwe ake pantchito yolimbayi komanso khama, pafupifupi aliyense angathe - bola atakhala kuti akudziyesa yekha.

Kulimbikitsanso Kuwerenga Kofunika

Momwe Mungakhalire ndi Zolinga Zambiri