Lekani Kuyang'ana pa Matenda

Mutu wa zoopsa wapatsidwa chidwi kwambiri m'zaka zaposachedwa. Komabe kupwetekedwa mtima ndi chithandizo chake zimakhalabe kumapeto kwa psychotherapy, yomwe imangokhala mutu wankhani womwe akatswiri ena amaphunzitsidwa.

M'malo mwake, kupwetekedwa mtima kumakhala pamtima pa psychotherapy, ndipo kugwira ntchito m'njira zodziwitsidwa bwino-zomwe ndimatcha Matenda Ovutika Maganizo— ndichofunikira pakuchita chisamaliro chonse chamaganizidwe.

Kale mu 1895, Breuer ndi Freud adazindikira zovuta zomwe zimakhalitsa komanso zobisika za zoopsa. "Tiyenera kuganiza," adalemba, "kuti kupwetekedwa mtima - kapena kwenikweni kukumbukira zochitikazo - kumachita ngati bungwe lachilendo lomwe pambuyo pake kulowa kwake liyenera kupitilirabe kuwonedwa ngati nthumwi yomwe ikugwirabe ntchito."

Zowawa zomwe zimadza chifukwa chovulala m'maganizo kapena kuzindikira, kuthupi, mwauzimu, kapena kuwonongeka ndizo zomwe zimayambitsa anthu kuchipatala. Nthawi zambiri, zoopsa zimawonekera m'zizindikiro zodziwika bwino, monga kutopa, nkhawa, kapena kukhumudwa. Kapena kupwetekedwa mtima kumawonekera ndi zizindikilo zovuta kwambiri, monga zovuta zakudya kapena zosokoneza bongo.

Kupatula zochepa, zizindikilo ngati izi, kaya ndizofala kapena zovuta, zimazika pamtundu wina wovulala, nthawi zambiri sadziwika. Izi zimafunikira kuti psychotherapy ikhale, makamaka, chithandizo chamankhwala osokoneza bongo: ndiye kuti, chithandizo chamankhwala chomwe chimachitika ndikuzindikira mozama za m'mene zoopsa zimakhudzira anthu komanso zomwe amafunikira kuti akhale bwino. Zikutanthauzanso kuti othandizira ayenera kuphunzitsidwa kuthandiza makasitomala kuthana ndi zoposa zisonyezo; Ayenera kukhala ndi chidziwitso ndi maluso ofunikira pofufuza ndi kuthana ndi zomwe zimayambitsa ndikuzindikira ndikumanga pazinthu zofunikira pamoyo watanthauzo womwe makasitomala amakhala nawo.

Zokwanira ndi matenda. Ndizowona kuti achipatala angakhale olondola pofufuza wopulumuka ngati ali ndi vuto la kupsinjika, kuda nkhawa, kusinthasintha zochitika, kusokonezeka kwa umunthu, RAD, zosokoneza bongo, kusowa kudya, kapena "zovuta" zina zilizonse. Opulumuka ena, othandizira ena, komanso makampani onse a inshuwaransi amafunika "kuwazindikira." Koma ndi nthawi yoti muchepetse chilankhulo cha kudwala komanso malingaliro olakwika omwe amabwera nawo.

Zoyambitsa zimayambitsa chitetezo njira, zomwe zilipo kuti zititeteze ndikutithandiza kupulumuka. Dongosolo lamanjenje lomwe limatuluka limakhala ndi ntchito— kutiteteza ku zowawa zomwe tili nazo komanso mantha omwe pazifukwa zina sitimakhala okonzeka kukumana nawo, nthawi zambiri chifukwa cha zokumana nazo m'moyo wam'mbuyo ndi omwe amawasamalira (kusamvana bwino) zomwe zimawonetsa kuti zenizeni zimadzipatula, sizimadziwika, ndipo nthawi zambiri zimawopseza.

Tikafufuza ndi kuwayankha mayankho omwe amatsatira zoopsa ngati matenda, timakulitsa kuwonongeka kwa zoopsa. Timayambitsa kuthamangitsa vuto lomwe kulibe momwe timaganizira; Zotsatira zake, ngakhale mankhwala othandiza samangopatsa mpumulo pang'ono. Timasinthitsa zinthu zamtengo wapatali zanthawi, mphamvu, komanso zachuma kuti zithe kuthana ndi zovuta zomwe zimalepheretsa chitetezo cha munthu kuti athane ndi zoopsa zomwe zimachitika.

Pomwe zoopsa ndizomwe zimayambitsa mavuto amunthu, ndizomvetsa chisoni kuti mayankho athu amangokhudza zisonyezo zomwe zimaperekedwa. Mwanjira ina kapena zina, zizindikilo zonse zamatenda amisala zimavulaza pamizu yawo. Othandizira, chifukwa chake, ali ndi udindo wobweretsa kuthekera komwe kumathandizira kuziziritsa (kudzilamulira) ndikuthana ndi zomwe zimayambitsa (kulumikizana ndi kukhazikika).

Izi zimafunikira zochulukira kuposa kuzolowera njira zochiritsira zoopsa zochepa. Tiyenera kumvetsetsa chithandizo chamankhwala ngati njira yogwiritsira ntchito zinthu zomwe zimakhudza mbali zonse zaubwino kuthandiza makasitomala pakupanga mayankho okhazikika, owonjezera moyo pazovuta.

Kumanga pakumvetsetsa komwe kwatchulidwa pamwambapa, nazi nsanamira zazomwe njira yothandizirana ndi zoopsa iyenera kuphatikiza:

1. Zochitika zama psychoeducation za zovuta zakubadwa, zam'maganizo, zakuthupi, zauzimu, komanso zachikhalidwe za omwe akupulumuka komanso mabanja (kuvulala kwamunthu aliyense) ndi madera (kupwetekedwa kwa anthu wamba). (Werengani zambiri mu blog.)
2. Ndondomeko Yokhazikika Yokhazikika(ISP), ndondomeko yomwe imakhalapo pakapita nthawi pochiza ndipo imaphatikizira machitidwe omwe amadziwika kuti ndi othandiza pakuchepetsa zipsinjo ndikulimbikitsa kuthekera kopirira ululu ndikusangalala. Tikamapanga ISP, timafufuza ndikuthana ndi zomwe zimayambitsa zizindikiritso (neuroimmune psychiatry ndi psychology psychology) (Werengani zambiri mu blog.).
3. Psychotherapy Yothandizidwa Ndi Maganizo (Co-regulation). Kulumikizana ndi njira yopanda tanthauzo yokhala ndi munthu wina m'njira yomwe imafikira kwathunthu komanso momvera kwa munthuyo. Chofunikira pakazindikiridwe kake ndikuti ndi ntchito yolumikizana yomwe imachitika polumikizana ndi wowasamalira. Pothandizira, wothandizirayo amalumikizana ndi kasitomala ndi cholinga chokhala "wogwirizira" ndi mayankho amakasitomala. Popita nthawi, kasitomala amatha kusintha malingaliro oti azilamulidwa kuti azitha kudziletsa kunja kwa chipinda chamankhwala m'moyo watsiku ndi tsiku. Kudzera muubale wogwirizana, makasitomala amaphunzira kukulitsa kuthekera kwawo kupilira kuwawa ndi kutayika kwachisoni ndi zotsatirapo zake (werengani zambiri mu blog).
4. Kudziletsa. Izi zikutanthawuza kuthekera kokhala ndi mphamvu yolamulira momwe munthu akumvera, akumva, komanso kuzindikira. Ntchito yothandizira ndi kasitomala pakudziyendetsa payokha imagwiritsa ntchito njira ndi machitidwe omwe amachepetsa zizindikiritso zamaganizidwe ndikuthandizira kuzindikira kwa thupi, monga njira zofotokozera (zaluso, sewero, mayendedwe, kuvina, nyimbo), zochiritsira zolimbitsa thupi, njira zina zoganizira, komanso ma neurofeedback ena ndondomeko (werengani zambiri mu blog).
5. Kukonza ndi kufotokoza. Popeza iyi si njira yokhazikika, mbali zophatikizika zamavuto zimayamba kuwonekera makasitomala akamagwira ntchito ndi mzati iliyonse. Pamene chithandizo chamankhwala chikupita patsogolo, makasitomala amatha kuwongolera njira zawo zambiri zodzitetezera kuti zizikhala zopindulitsa ndikuwonjezera kuthekera kwawo kupirira ululu ndikumva tanthauzo ndi chisangalalo. Pakadali pano, makasitomala amatha kudziyang'ana pawokha, zakale, zamtsogolo, komanso zamtsogolo, m'njira yabwino. (Osati nthawi zonse, osati mosangalala nthawi zonse, koma m'njira yomwe imamveka "yabwino mokwanira.")

M'makalata akubwera a blog, ndikufotokoza bwino chilichonse cha nsanamira izi. Pakadali pano, ndikufunirani 2021 wosangalala, wathanzi, wokondwa, komanso watanthauzo!