Ma ABCs of Ther-based Therapies (EBTs) a Ana

Kalatayi idaperekedwa ndi a Sofia Cardenas, wophunzira maphunziro mu USC Psychology department's Clinical Science program.

Mwawerenga mabulogu onse olera ndipo mukuyamba kukayikira kuti mwana wanu amafunikira thandizo pazaumoyo wamisala. Mumapezeka pa intaneti, ndikudutsa njira zingapo zothandizira. Kodi Muyenera Kuyesa Therapy? Mwinanso mankhwala atha kutenga zisonyezo? Nanga bwanji china "chachilengedwe" monga makhiristo otsegulira chakra cha mwana wanu ndikuyeretsa aura yawo? Zosankhazo ndizochuluka, mwana wanu amafunika kuthandizidwa, ndipo mudzayesa chilichonse pakadali pano bola bola zithandizire!

Nkhaniyi ikuthandizani kuti mukhale ndi chidziwitso kuti mupange zisankho zothandizidwa ndi sayansi zamtsogolo zamankhwala amwana wanu. Kumbukirani kufunsa dokotala kapena banja lanu lodalirika mukamaganiza zochita.

Chithandizo Chozikidwa Umboni (EBTs). Ndiziyani?

Akatswiri azaumoyo (monga akatswiri amisala, akatswiri amisala, ogwira nawo ntchito, okwatirana komanso othandizira mabanja) atha kugwiritsa ntchito njira zosiyanasiyana kuthandiza ana ndi makasitomala achichepere omwe ali ndi zizindikiritso zamaganizidwe. "Chithandizo Chozikidwa Umboni" (EBTs) ndi njira zomwe zidayesedwa pazosayansi ndikuwonetsa kuti zikugwira ntchito. Mankhwala ena, monga mankhwala am'mbuyomu omwe adachitika ku studio yaku yoga - sanayesedwe molimba. Chifukwa chiyani izi? EBTs ndi mankhwala omwe ali ndi umboni wasayansi wotsimikizira kuti ndi othandiza, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti atha kuthandiza mwana wanu. American Psychiatric Association ndi American Psychological Association amalembetsa ma EBTs ngati njira 'zosankhika' komanso 'machitidwe abwino' amachiritso amisala.

Mwachitsanzo wa konkriti, onani ntchito ya Dr. Philip Kendall ndi Muniya Khanna. Adapanga pulogalamu ya Child Anxiety Tales, yomwe ili ndi magawo 10 ophunzitsira omwe amaphunzitsa makolo njira zothandizira ana awo kukhala ndi nkhawa. Nkhani Zodandaula za Ana zimamangidwa pazaka makumi angapo zakufufuza pazovuta za ana ndipo zimawoneka ngati zothandiza pakufufuza.

Kodi ma EBTs kukula kwake kumakwanira zonse? Kapena kodi mankhwala osiyanasiyana amathandizira pamavuto osiyanasiyana?

EBTs nthawi zambiri imapangidwa kuti ikwaniritse zizindikilo chimodzi. Gome ili m'munsili lili ndi zitsanzo za ma EBTs pazovuta zina zomwe zimachitika ali mwana. Mutha kuwona zochitika - kusiyanasiyana kwa Cognitive Behaeveal Therapies (CBTs) kumawoneka ngati kukuthandiza zovuta zosiyanasiyana. CBT imayang'ana kwambiri pamalingaliro akuti malingaliro, malingaliro, ndi machitidwe amalumikizidwa kwambiri, kotero kusintha amodzi mwa maderawa (mwachitsanzo, machitidwe) nthawi zambiri kumatha kutanthauza kusintha kwina (mwachitsanzo, malingaliro).

Mwachitsanzo, CBT yofananira ndi Panic Disorder imagwira ntchito kuti izindikire, kutsutsa, ndikusintha malingaliro omwe akusunga mawonekedwe amantha mozungulira, mwachitsanzo, kuwopa kukhudzidwa kwamthupi komwe kumabweretsa mantha, komwe kumadzakhala kuwukira kwathunthu.Njira imodzi ya CBT yochepetsera ziwopsezo ndikuwonekera, momwe mwanayo amalimbikitsidwa (mothandizidwa ndi katswiri wazachipatala) kuthana ndi zochitikazo kapena chizindikiro chamthupi chomwe amawopa mmoyo weniweni (mwachitsanzo, kuyenda nokha mukutanganidwa kugulitsa kapena kukweza dzanja lawo mkalasi) ndi zokumana nazo zakuthupi (mwachitsanzo, kupuma kudzera mu udzu kuti apange chidwi cha kuphulika, chizindikiritso chodziwika bwino cha mantha).

Ana ambiri ali ndi comorbidities (mwachitsanzo, kukhala ndimatenda opitilira amodzi). Tchati pamwambapa chimaphatikizapo chithandizo cha Dr. John Weisz, pulofesa wa ku Harvard wama psychology azachipatala. Dr. Weisz adapanga MATCH-ADTC (Modular Approach to Therapy ya Ana Omwe Amada Nkhawa, Kukhumudwa, Kupsinjika Maganizo kapena Khalidwe Lovuta). MATCH-ADTC ndikulowererapo kwamaganizidwe komwe kumapangidwa kuti muchepetse ana omwe ali ndi matenda opitilira m'modzi (mwachitsanzo, machitidwe osokoneza, kupsinjika pambuyo povulala, kukhumudwa, ndi nkhawa). Mankhwalawa ali ndi maphunziro 33 omwe amatha kusakanizidwa ndikufanana ndi zosowa za mwana.

Kodi Umboni Wothandizidwa Ndi Umboni (EBTs) umathandizidwa bwanji ndi sayansi? Mayesero azachipatala!

Chithandizo chisanatengedwe kuti ndi "umboni," kafukufuku aliyense ayenera kuchitidwa kuti awone ngati njira zina zamankhwala zithandizira pamavuto amisala. Maphunzirowa amatchedwa "mayesero azachipatala," ndipo amaphatikizapo osachepera khumi ndi awiri omwe akuchita nawo kafukufukuyu. Omwe akuchita nawo kafukufukuyu ali ndi vuto lofananira, monga matenda osachedwa kupsa mtima, kukhumudwa, kapena nkhawa. Ochita nawo kafukufukuyu "amapatsidwa mwachisawawa" kuti alandire Chithandizo X kapena Chithandizo Y, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti amasankhidwa mosankha mosiyanasiyana kupita kuchipatala motsutsana ndi china. Ngati Chithandizo Y chimathandiza ana kuposa Chithandizo X, ndiye kuti Chithandizo Y alandila chithandizo kapena umboni wothandiza kwake. Popita nthawi, ofufuza ambiri ayesa kutengera zomwe apezazi m'mayesero osiyanasiyana azachipatala. Panthaŵi yomwe chithandizo chimawerengedwa kuti ndi EBT, chimafufuzidwa ndi kafukufuku yemwe akuwonetsa kuti ndizothandiza kuthana ndi vuto lomwe lapatsidwa. Ngati Chithandizo Y chikupitilirabe kukhala chothandiza, chitha kukhala "chithandizo cha golide", zomwe zikutanthauza kuti ndizodziwika bwino ngati chithandizo chabwino cha matenda amisala.

Ngati mwana wanu kapena wachinyamata angafune kukhala nawo pamayeso azachipatala kuti athe kulandira chithandizo ndikuthandizira kupititsa patsogolo sayansi, mutha kupita pa tsamba lawebusayiti lomwe linapangidwa ndi National Library of Medicine kuti mupeze mndandanda wazonse zamankhwala omwe akuchitidwa ku United States ndi mayiko ena 208.

Mukufuna kuti muziyang'ana nokha? Phunzirani zoyambira kuti muwone sayansi yoyesa mayeso azachipatala

Nazi njira ziwiri zofunika:

Gawo 1: Pezani mapepala ofufuzira

Gawo ili likuwoneka lophweka, koma ndizovuta kuposa momwe mungaganizire chifukwa mapepala amafalitsidwa munyuzipepala zofufuza zomwe sizitsegulidwa kwa anthu onse. Tikukulimbikitsani kuti muyambe kugwiritsa ntchito Google Scholar, makina osakira omwe amapangidwira makamaka zolemba zamaphunziro. Kenako, mutha kuyika mawu osakira okhudzana ndi mutu womwe mumakonda, monga "chithandizo cha kukhumudwa kwa ana" kapena "jenda dysphoria support," ndipo mudzakhala ndi mndandanda wazolemba zamaphunziro zokhudzana ndi mutu wanu. Zambiri mwazolembazi zizilemba pamutu, olemba, ndi malongosoledwe achidule a pepalalo komanso zomwe zapezedwa. Tsoka ilo, nthawi zambiri, simudzatha kupeza pepala lathunthu kudzera pamawebusayiti awa.

Mwamwayi, ofufuza amakhala otseguka pogawana nawo kafukufuku wawo ndipo ambiri amatumiza zolemba zawo pa ResearchGate, makamaka pa Facebook ya sayansi, pomwe ofufuza amatha kugawana mapepala ndikuthandizana. Mwalandilidwa kugwiritsa ntchito tsamba lawebusayiti kuti muwone ngati adalemba nkhaniyo kwa anthu kapena tsamba lomwe limasindikiza, monga PsyArxiv. Mutha kulumikizana ndi wofufuzayo kudzera pa imelo adilesi yanu kuti mufunse ngati akufuna kugawana nanu ntchito.

Zitha kuwoneka ngati ntchito yayikulu kuti mupeze zolemba, koma ndizofunikira chifukwa zolemba zomwe zimafalitsidwa m'magazini ndi "zowunikiridwa ndi anzawo," kutanthauza kuti gulu lina la asayansi lidasanthula zomwe olembawo adalemba ndikuwona kuti ndi sayansi yovuta. Akatswiriwa adzawunika mbali zonse za kafukufuku - kapangidwe kake, ziwerengero zomwe agwiritsa ntchito, komanso momwe zimafotokozedwera zotsatira zake - kuti zitsimikizike kuti ndizolondola mwasayansi. Ntchito yonseyi imatha kutenga miyezi mpaka zaka, koma kafukufuku akangobwera kuchokera kuwunikanso, mutha kukhala ndi chidaliro kuti zotsatira zake ndi sayansi yapamwamba kwambiri.

Gawo 2: Werengani mapepala ofufuzira ndi diso la sayansi

Mukakhala ndi pepala lofufuzira pamayeso omwe mwapatsidwa, mutha kuyamba kuyesa mtundu wa kafukufukuyu. Nazi zinthu zochepa zomwe muyenera kuyang'ana:

1. Chiwerengero cha anthu pamlandu - Pofufuza zoyeserera zamankhwala, kuchuluka kwa anthu omwe akuchita nawo kafukufukuyu ndikofunikira. Mayesero azachipatala omwe amachitika bwino kwambiri amakhala ndi zitsanzo zazikulu ndi anthu 50 mpaka 100 pagulu lililonse. Izi ndizofunikira kuti zitsimikizire kuti zotsatira zake sizomwe zimachitika chifukwa chazovuta zomwe zili pagulu laophunzira.

2. Kafukufuku Wopanga - Ndikofunikira kuwunika momwe kafukufuku amapangira ma EBTs. Kafukufuku wopangidwa mwanjira yagolide ndi "kuyerekezera kosawona kawiri konse." Mawu amenewo ndi mkamwa! Tiyeni tiwononge.

Zosasinthika - Mayeso ambiri azachipatala amakhala osasintha. Monga tafotokozera pamwambapa, kusinthasintha kumatanthauza kuti ochita kafukufuku amapatsa odwala m'magulu osiyanasiyana, nthawi zambiri gulu lazachipatala ndi gulu loyang'anira kapena magulu ena othandizira. Kuchita zinthu mosasinthasintha ndikofunikira pakuwonetsetsa kuti ofufuza sakondera, mwachitsanzo, kuyika odwala mgulu lomwe akuganiza kuti achita bwino. Komanso, kusinthasintha kumapangitsa ochita kafukufuku kuti awonetsetse kuti zinthu zina zomwe zingakhudze momwe mankhwalawa amagwirira ntchito - monga chikhalidwe cha anthu pazachuma, mtundu, kapena jenda - amagawidwanso chimodzimodzi mikhalidwe / magulu osiyanasiyana mu kafukufukuyu.

Kulamulidwa- Mayeso ambiri azachipatala amaphatikizapo gulu lofanizira. Gulu lofananizira limalandira placebo (mwachitsanzo, palibe mankhwala othandizira) kapena chithandizo china. Izi ndizofunikira pakuwerenga chifukwa zimalola ofufuza kuti ayang'ane zotsatira za gulu lofananalo la ana kapena achinyamata omwe sakulandila chithandizo.

Wakhungu-Wawiri- Si mayeso ambiri azachipatala omwe amakhala akhungu kawiri. Koma maphunziro akhungu awiri amapeza "nyenyezi yagolide" yowonjezera pokhudzana ndi kapangidwe ka sayansi. Khungu kawiri kumatanthauza kuti palibe omwe akuyesedwa kapena woyeserera amadziwa ngati wopatsidwa chithandizo ali mgulu lolamulira kapena gulu lazachipatala. Ndi bizinesi yachinyengo kuyambitsa kafukufuku wakhungu. Ngakhale zili choncho, mayesero awiri akhungu amathandizira kuonetsetsa kuti chiyembekezo cha omwe akutenga nawo mbali kapena ofufuza kuti chithandizo chomwe akupatsidwa chitha kapena sichingagwire ntchito sichingasankhe panthawi yophunzira.

Ndiwe woyimira kumbuyo kwa mwana wanu, ndipo tsopano muli ndi luso loyang'ana nokha izi. Tikukhulupirira kuti mukumva kulimbikitsidwa pang'ono kuti muwone ngati kafukufukuyo akugwirizana ndi mfundo zanu!

Kodi mungapeze kuti umboni wosinthidwa pa EBTs?

Nazi zina mwazinthu zabwino zokuthandizani kuti musunge ma tepi pazithandizo zozikidwa paumboni:

Mankhwala Othandizira Kafukufuku Wothandizidwa ndi Kafukufuku

Mgwirizano wa Chithandizo Cha Khalidwe ndi Kuzindikira