Mtundu wa Revolution

Zamkati

• Kulengedwa kwa Mitundu Yopanga
• Dziko lowala

Kulengedwa kwa Mitundu Yopanga

Kusintha kwakukulu koposa konse kunachitika pakati pa zaka za m'ma 1800 pamene katswiri wina wazamankhwala wotchedwa William Henry Perkin adakwanitsa kupanga utoto wonyezimira wofiirira, womwe adautcha kuti "mauve."

Perkin nthawi yomweyo adawona kuthekera kwa malonda mumitundu yotsika mtengo, yowala kwambiri, komanso yosavuta kuberekanso. Posakhalitsa, mitundu yatsopano yamankhwala idaphulika powonekera, ndipo misewu yamizinda idakhala malo omenyera mwamphamvu pakuwona. Mitundu yodzipangira idadzetsa chisangalalo chenicheni ku Europe konse, ndipo utoto mwachangu udakhala msika wama miliyoni.

Mitundu idasefukira pamsika wamsika, ndipo matekinoloje amitundu adachuluka. Kusindikiza mitundu, utoto wowoneka bwino, utoto wowoneka bwino, zotsatsa zomanga, nsalu zamatchulidwe, ndi mawindo okhala ndi mawindo ambiri anali paliponse. Malo ogulitsa oyamba adabadwa, ndipo ogula anali ndi mwayi, kwanthawi yoyamba, kukhala okonzeka kuvala mafashoni komanso katundu wanyumba wosavuta.

M'kamphindi, dziko lidasinthidwa, ndipo malingaliro azikhalidwe, zachuma, ndi chikhalidwe chotalikilako zaka. Mtundu sunalinso chigawo cha olemekezeka kapena olemera. Zitha kupezeka ndi anthu m'magulu onse azikhalidwe.

Dziko lowala

Ndizovuta kulingalira dziko lomwe silimatiyesa mtundu uliwonse. Komabe, ngakhale mutakhala osaloŵerera m'ndale, zikuwoneka kuti pafupifupi chilichonse m'nyumba mwanu chimangirizidwa, mwanjira ina, pakusintha kwa utoto m'zaka za zana la khumi ndi chisanu ndi chinayi.

M'zaka za zana la khumi ndi chisanu ndi chinayi, utoto udachoka pazinthu zakomweko kupita kwina kulikonse; mtengo wotsika mtengo; ndi zopatulika kwa onse. Mbiri ya utoto wamakono yadzala mu chemistry, zamalonda, ndi atsamunda, ndipo pomwe idayamba, sinasinthe kwenikweni. Titaigwira, utoto wopezeka mosavuta udakhala gawo lofunikira m'miyoyo yathu mwakuti, posakhalitsa, sitinazindikire.

Wolemba mbiri wina Laura Kalba adalongosola momwe "utoto wopangidwa ndimitundu yambiri-womwe umatulutsa utoto udawukitsa kuwunikanso kofala komanso kwamphamvu kwamitundu yonse yopanga tanthauzo" (3-4). Kuwunikiranso kumeneku - momwe anthu adadziwira ndikumvetsetsa kwakusintha kwamitundu - ikhala nkhani yokhudza sabata yamawa.

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Garfield, Simon. Mauve: Momwe Munthu Mmodzi Anabweretsera Mtundu Umene Unasintha Dziko. New York: W. W. Norton & Co, 2001.

Kalba, Laura Anne. Sakani mu M'badwo wa Impressionism: Zamalonda, Ukadaulo, Art. University Park, PA: Pennsylvania State University Press, 2017.

Kuehni, Rolf ndi Andreas Schwarz. Mitundu Yolamulidwa: Kafukufuku Wamitundu Yamitundu Kuyambira ku Antiquity Mpaka Pano. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2008.

Morrison, Tessa. Nyumba ya Isaac Newton ya Solomon ndi Kumangidwanso Kwake kwa Zomangamanga Zopatulika. Basel: Wopopera, 2011.

Parsons, a Timothy H. Briteni Imperial Century, 1815-1914: Mbiri Yadziko Lonse. Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield, 1999.

Taussig, Michael. Kodi Mtundu Wopatulika ndi uti? Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2010.