Chomaliza Chomwe Muyenera Kudziwa Zokhudza Kutha Kwa Ego
Zamkati
Mwinamwake mwamvapo za lingaliro lamaganizidwe a kutha kwadzidzidzi. Pambuyo poyesa kudziletsa kuchita chinthu chimodzi, chiphunzitsochi chimati, ndiye kuti simutha kugwiritsa ntchito kudziletsa pazinthu zina, ngakhale mdera lina la moyo wanu. Ngati mwakhala mukugwira ntchito tsiku lonse kukana kudya chokoleti chifukwa mukudya, mumakhala pachiwopsezo chodziletsa madzulo amenewo.
Awa ndi malingaliro okakamiza ndipo adanyamuka mwachangu chifukwa ndiwachilengedwe. Ndani sanadziwe kufuna kugwa pakama pambuyo pa tsiku lovuta m'malo mopita kumalo ochitira masewera olimbitsa thupi kapena kuthamanga? Koma nali vuto: asayansi alephera kupeza chithandizo chofananira chazomwe zachitikazo. Ngakhale zimamveka bwanji nthawi zina, kafukufuku watsopano wokakamiza akuwonetsa kuti chidwi sichitha ngati mafuta m'thanki.
Chilimbikitso sichinthu chochepa. Kafukufuku wokhudza kutha kwa ego akuwonetsa kuti chidwi chitha kukhala, m'malo mwake, chodalira kwambiri.
Kukula ndi kugwa kwa kutha kwa kudziperekanso kukuwonetseranso tsoka lalikulu lama psychology amakono. Takhala otanganidwa kwambiri ndikutsata zomwe zikuwoneka ngati zamakhalidwe amunthu mwakuti tayamba kuiwala mafunso akulu.Pomwe pakadalibe zambiri zoti zidziwike pamutu monga wolimbikitsira, timasokoneza sayansi tikamatsata njira yopapatiza yoperekedwa ndi ena m'malo molowera njira yatsopano kupita kumalo osadziwika.
Pang'ono pang'ono zalembedwa kuyambira pomwe pepala lakale lidalembedwa, "Kutha kwa Ego: Kodi munthu wodzigwirira ntchitoyo ndiwoperewera? ”Lolembedwa ndi Roy Baumeister ndi anzawo mu 1998. Pepalali latchulidwapo maulendo opitilira 6,200 ndipo ndi lomwe lakhala likuwunikidwa meta zambiri. Chiwerengero cha 2015 chidazindikiritsa kwinakwake mozama kuyesa kwa 300 mu mapepala oposa 140 ofalitsidwa. Akatswiri azamaganizo adakhamukira ku lingaliro ili ndipo adayika maola ochulukirapo kuti ayesere.
Ntchito zonsezi zidapitilirabe ngakhale panali kukayikira kwakomwe za kuchepa kwa ego. Chimodzi mwazomwe ndidakumbukira kumsonkhano wanga wakale ndikulankhula ndi ena ofufuza odziletsa za momwe tonse tidayeserera kuthana ndi kuchepa kwa malingaliro m'malabu athu ndipo palibe aliyense wa ife amene angatero. Kulephera koyamba kusindikiza zomwe zidachitika kudatuluka mu 2004. Zikaikiro zimangokhala pangodya yaying'ono ya asayansi, koma anthu akunja kwa bwaloli analibe chifukwa chokayikira kutha kwadzidzidzi.
Maganizo adasintha mwadzidzidzi mu 2010. Chaka chimenecho, a Martin Hagger ndi anzawo adasindikiza meta-analysis yomwe idapeza kuthandizira kutha kwa ego koma adawonanso kuti anthu omwe ali ndi chidwi chachikulu chogwira ntchito sanathere nayo. Zotsatira zake zidadzutsa nsidze zina. Ngati kudziletsa kumakhala kocheperako chifukwa cha zovuta zina, kuchuluka kwa zomwe mukufuna kugwiritsa ntchito sikuyenera kusintha. Panthaŵi imodzimodziyo, Robert Kurzban adafalitsa ndemanga yonena kuti shuga ndiye "gwero lolimba," ndikutsutsa momveka bwino kuti ndizosatheka kuti kudziletsa kochuluka kwambiri kuwononga mphamvu zamagetsi.
Koma bomba lalikulu kwambiri linali pepala la Veronika Job chaka chimenecho, "Kutha kwa Ego -Kodi zonse zili m'mutu mwanu? ”Ndi olemba anzawo a Carol Dweck ndi a Greg Walton, a Job adapereka umboni wabwino pamaphunziro anayi kuti kutaya mtima kumachitika kokha kwa anthu omwe amakhulupirira. Mukuganiza kuti mphamvu zikutha ndi ntchito? Ndiye mokwanira zimatero. Ganizirani kuti kupirira kumalimbikitsa? Ndiye kuchepa kwa inu. Zambiri za Yobu zikuwonetsa lingaliro la malire pakufuna mphamvu ngati ulosi wokhutiritsa, kapena ulosi wodziwononga wokha kwa iwo omwe amakhulupirira kutha. Mphamvu zazikuluzikulu za zikhulupiriro za munthu pamphamvu zawo zimawonongeratu chiyembekezo chomwe chikhoza kugwetsa pansi chuma chochepa.
Pazifukwa zina, asayansi omwe akanayenera kudziwa kapena kupitilira akadapitiliza kuphunzira za kutha kwa ego kwazaka khumi kutsatira chaka chamadzi chija. Ngati kuvomerezedwa kofufuza komwe kukayikitsa m'maphunziro oyambilira komanso kusakhazikika kwa zomwe adapeza sikunali kokwanira, umboni wa zikhulupiriro, zolimbikitsa, zolimbikitsa, ndi zina zamaganizidwe ziyenera kukopa anthu kuti chiyembekezo cha zochepa zothandizira ziyenera kukanidwa.
Chifukwa cha ulemu wawo, ena mwa omwe adagwirizana ndi Baumeister, Kathleen Vohs ndi Brandon Schmeichel, ndi ena akuwoneka kuti pomaliza pake athetsa mkanganowu. Adachita izi pochita maphunziro ofufuza bwino kwambiri komanso okhutiritsa omwe sindinawonepo. Kafukufukuyu, kuti afalitsidwe posachedwa Sayansi Yamaganizidwe , atha kukhala mtundu wa mawu omaliza pakutha. Adalankhula ndi akatswiri osiyanasiyana pantchitoyi ndipo adazindikira njira ziwiri zomwe aliyense amaganiza kuti zitha kutha. Adafotokozeratu momwe njira zawo zidzakhalire komanso momwe angawunikitsire zomwe adapeza, ndikuwongolera dongosolo lonse ndi akatswiri akunja. Analemba ma labala 36 ochokera padziko lonse lapansi ndikuwaphunzitsa mosamala. Ndiyeno iwo anali ndi wasayansi wodziimira yekha yemwe anafufuza deta.
Ndipo zitatha zonsezi? Palibe. Kudziletsa sikunakhudze magwiridwe antchito pakudziletsa kwachiwiri. Tsopano ngakhale anthu omwe adathandizira kupititsa patsogolo lingaliro lawo ali okonzeka kusiya. Koma zotsalira zomwe zidasiyidwa m'mabuku momwe kuchepa kwa malingaliro zidatisiya tili ovuta. Kodi tingagwirizane bwanji ndi malingaliro oti titha kutopa tikamachita khama ndi kulephera kogwira mtima kotenga izi mu labu?
Kutopa ndi zenizeni. Khama ndikumverera kwenikweni, komwe kumatha kuchititsa anthu kusiya (nthawi zina pazifukwa zomveka!). Cholakwika ndi lingaliro loti ntchito yosangalatsa ya labotale imatha kumulepheretsa munthu kupitiliza kuchita khama pambuyo pake. Chilimbikitso sichili ngati mafuta m'thanki. Zili ngati nkhani yomwe timadziuza tokha chifukwa chake timachita zomwe timachita. Sinthani nkhaniyo ndipo mutha kusintha mawonekedwe.
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