Kumvetsetsa Magawo Aubongo Amantha, Kupsinjika, ndi Kuda nkhawa

Zamkati

• Njira ziwiri zamantha
• Mantha motsutsana ndi nkhawa
• Madera ena aubongo amakhudzidwa ndimantha, kupsinjika, komanso kuda nkhawa
• Khola loyambirira
• Malo okhala
• Choyambirira cha cingate cortex
• Mvuu ya mvuu
• Kuda Nkhawa Kuwerenga
• Kuda nkhawa kwa COVID-19 ndikusintha kwaubwenzi

Zovuta zakuda nkhawa (monga nkhawa zamagulu) komanso zovuta zamavuto (monga PTSD) ndi zina mwazofala kwambiri zamavuto amisala omwe amapezeka pafupifupi 30%. Matekinoloje atsopano monga fMRI, omwe amatilola kuti tiwone ubongo munthawi yeniyeni zakulitsa kwambiri chidziwitso chathu cha mabwalo aubongo omwe amakhala ndi nkhawa komanso mantha. Akatswiri tsopano amaganiza zamavuto a nkhawa ndi PTSD ngati zovuta za "ubongo wonse" zokhudzana ndi kulumikizana kovuta kwa ma neuron m'malo osiyanasiyana aubongo. Makamaka, zovuta zamavuto komanso kupsinjika kumawoneka kuti kumakhudza kuyambitsa kwa magawo aubongo omwe amatithandiza kuzindikira ndikuyankha zoopseza, komanso kuchepa kwa magwiridwe antchito aubongo omwe amatithandiza kusintha momwe tingachitire mantha ndi kupsinjika. Madera aubongo awa ndi madera adzafotokozedwa mwatsatanetsatane pansipa.

Njira ziwiri zamantha

Kafukufuku wa Neuroscientist a Joseph LeDoux ndi makoswe adatithandizira kumvetsetsa kozungulira kwa mantha. LeDoux adati pali "msewu wotsika" komanso "mseu waukulu" wamantha. "Msewu wotsika" umakhudza kuyambitsa kwa amygdala, kapangidwe kake kamene kamagwira ntchito pozindikira kuwopseza kupulumuka kwathu ndikuyambitsa kuyankha kwazikhalidwe zomwe zingathandize kumenya nkhondo kapena kuthawa. Kuyankha kumeneku kumaphatikizapo kupuma mwachangu, kugunda kwamtima mwachangu, thukuta ndi zina zomwe zimachitika mwakuthupi zomwe timakumana nazo ngati mantha. Kuopa "mwadzidzidzi" uku ndikofulumira kwambiri kuti tiwonjezere mwayi wathu wopulumuka. LeDoux adazindikiranso "mseu waukulu" momwe chidziwitso chimapita ku preortal cortex (CEO kapena likulu loyang'anira ubongo) koyamba komwe adakonzedwa asadatumizidwe ku amygdala. Njirayi inali yochedwa, kupatula nthawi kuti tiwunikenso bwino momwe zinthu ziliri. Mwanjira iyi, preortalal cortex imatha "kulamulira" amygdala wambiri, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mantha aziwongolera mosiyanasiyana.

Mwa anthu omwe ali ndi nkhawa kapena kupsinjika (PTSD) amygdala amakhala wokhoza kuopseza pomwe preortal cortex imagwira ntchito kapena ilibe kulumikizana kokwanira kwa ma neural ndi amygdala kuti muchepetse zinthu. Zotsatira zake ndizowopsa kwambiri komanso / kapena kuwonjezeka poyankha.

Mantha motsutsana ndi nkhawa

Posachedwa, ofufuza zamaubongo apeza kuti mantha ndi nkhawa / nkhawa zitha kukhala ndi ma neural circry osiyana. Mantha atha kuganiziridwa ngati yankho pangozi yomwe ilipo posachedwa komanso yapano, pomwe nkhawa / nkhawa zimakhudzana ndi kuyankha kuzinthu zosatsimikizika komanso zoyipa mtsogolo. Ngakhale mantha amadzutsa kuchokera ku amygdala, zikuwoneka kuti nkhawa imalumikizidwa ndi gawo lina laubongo lomwe limadziwika kuti phata la stria terminalis (BNST). BNST ndi kapangidwe kamtambo woyambira wolumikizidwa kwambiri kumadera ena ambiri aubongo omwe amagwira ntchito zamthupi, kuyankha koopsa, kukumbukira, kulumikizana, komanso kukonza zambiri. BNST imagwira ntchito kwambiri kuposa amygdala pamikhalidwe yosatsimikizika pomwe china chake choipa chitha kuchitika (mwachitsanzo, kudikirira zotsatira za mayeso azachipatala kapena kuyankhulana ndi anthu ogwira nawo ntchito) pomwe amygdala ndiwowopsa.

Madera ena aubongo amakhudzidwa ndimantha, kupsinjika, komanso kuda nkhawa

Khola loyambirira

The medial prefrontal cortex (MPFC) ndi gawo la preortal cortex yomwe imakhudzidwa ndikupanga zambiri zokhudza ifeyo ndi anthu ena. Kafukufuku wa odwala PTSD amapeza kuyambitsa pang'ono kwa MPFC mgululi poyerekeza ndi kuwongolera koyenera. Komabe, anthu omwe ali ndi PTSD amakhala ndi kutsegula kwambiri kwa MPFC kuposa zowongolera poyankha nkhope zamantha. Zotsatira zofananazi zimapezeka mwa anthu omwe ali ndi nkhawa zazachikhalidwe-osachepetsa kuchitapo kanthu kuti awopseze ndikuwonjezera magwiridwe antchito. Kutsegulira pang'ono poyankha zoopseza kumatha kuganiziridwa kuti ndikuchepa kwamalamulo am'maganizo pomwe kutseguka kwakukulu kungakhale kuyesa kulipira chifukwa chowopa kwambiri kuyankha m'magawo am'munsi mwaubongo, ngakhale kuti kafukufuku wina amafunika kuti afotokozere izi.

Kafukufuku wina adayang'ana kulumikizana pakati pa MPFC ndi amygdala mwa anthu omwe ali ndi nkhawa komanso kupsinjika pamavuto motsutsana ndi kuwongolera koyenera. Maphunzirowa apeza kulumikizana pang'ono pakati pa amygdala ndi MPFC mwa anthu omwe ali ndi PTSD komanso matenda amisala. Izi zikuwonetsa kuti MPFC siyimatha kuyankha mayankho akakhala ndi nkhawa munthawi imeneyi.

Malo okhala

Insulayi ndi gawo laling'ono la kotekisi lomwe limakhala mkatikati mwa sulcus wotsatira waubongo ndipo silimawoneka pamwamba. Ili ndi ntchito zingapo, kuphatikiza kulingalira kwapamwamba, kuyankha kwamaganizidwe, ndi kukonza kwa chidwi. Mwa anthu omwe ali ndi vuto la nkhawa kapena PTSD, insula yawonetsedwa m'maphunziro a fMRI kuti azitha kuchita zinthu mopitilira muyeso pakuwopsezedwa. Mu chisokonezo cha chikhalidwe cha anthu, mankhwala ndi psychotherapy adachepetsa izi poyambitsa. Chifukwa chake, insulayi ikuwoneka ngati malo amantha komanso oopseza omwe angayambitse kuyankha komanso chiyembekezo chomwe chingakhale cholimbikitsa tikamafuna njira zatsopano zochepetsera mantha.

Choyambirira cha cingate cortex

Anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) ili pakati pa neocortex ndi magawo am'malingaliro amubongo (amygdala, hippocampus). Ntchito zake ndizovuta koma zimawoneka kuti zikuphatikiza kuwunika zotsatira za zochitika komanso mayanjano omwe amachitika pagulu.

Magawo osiyanasiyana a ACC akuwoneka kuti ali ndi ntchito zosiyanasiyana pankhani yamantha komanso nkhawa. Gawo lotsogola la ACC (dACC) likuwoneka kuti likuthandizira kukulitsa kuyankha kwathu pachiwopsezo ndipo limakhudzidwa ndi anthu omwe ali ndi vuto la mantha, phobias, ndi PTSD. Chithandizo chazidziwitso chapezeka kuti chimachepetsa kuyambitsa kwa DACC mwa anthu omwe ali ndi nkhawa, mwina pothandiza kusintha momwe timadziwonera tokha komanso ena munthawi yamagulu (ngakhale izi ndizongopeka).

Gawo la rostral la ACC (rACC) motsutsana, likuwoneka kuti likukhudzidwa pakuthana ndi mantha ndikuwopseza kuyankha. Kuchepetsa kutsegulira mu RACC poyankha zoopseza (kutanthauza: kuchepa kwa mayankho amantha) kwawonetsedwa mwa anthu omwe ali ndi vuto la nkhawa, PTSD, komanso matenda amisala

Mvuu ya mvuu

Hippocampus, yomwe ndimalo athu okumbukira mawu, amalumikizana mwachindunji ndi amygdala komanso preortal cortex. Chifukwa chake hippocampus itha kutithandiza kuchepetsa mantha pakupanga zokumbukira zomwe zimatithandiza kukhazika mtima pansi kapena kukulitsa chidaliro chathu pothana ndi vutoli. Mwachitsanzo, titha kukumbukira kuti nthawi yomaliza pomwe tidachita mantha sitimamwalira ndikumva bwino patapita kanthawi, Kapena tingakumbukire kuti tidapulumuka zoipazi ndipo sitikumanenso ndi zoopsa. Kumbali inayi, hippocampus imatha kukulitsa nkhawa kapena nkhawa yathu potikumbutsa zokumbukira zina zoipa tikakumana ndi zotere. Mwachitsanzo, tikatsala pang'ono kucheza ndi munthu watsopano kuphwando titha kukumbukira kukumbukiridwa kapena kusala nawo pamsonkhano wapitawo.

Kuda Nkhawa Kuwerenga

Kuda nkhawa kwa COVID-19 ndikusintha kwaubwenzi