Kuliza lipenga, Kusamvera kwa Anthu, ndi Demokalase

Posachedwa, a National Security Advisor a Michael Flynn adachotsedwa ntchito ndi oyang'anira a Trump pambuyo poti akuluakulu aboma atulutsa zidziwitso kwa atolankhani zokhudzana ndi kulumikizana kwa foni pakati pa Flynn ndi Kazembe wa Russia a Sergey I. Kyslyak, zomwe zimachitika a Trump asanakhazikitsidwe, ndikuphatikizira (mwa zina) kuchepetsako zilango pa anthu aku Russia omwe akhazikitsidwa ndi oyang'anira a Obama chifukwa cholowa kwawo ku Ukraine. Poyankha, oyang'anira a Trump okwiya adayang'ana kwambiri pakupeza ndikulanga omwe akutulutsa chifukwa chofalitsa nkhani zaboma kwa atolankhani, koma osati pazomwe Flynn angachite zosokoneza malamulo aboma omwe adalipo pomwe anali nzika.

Pambuyo pakudontha, atolankhani adatsutsana kwambiri pankhani yofunika kwambiri, kuletsa ma leaker kapena kufufuza zinthu monga za Flynn. Mawu oti "kuyimba mluzu" akhala ndi malo otchuka pamikanganoyi, pomwe ena mwa omwe akutsutsanawo amagwiritsa ntchito kuyamika omwe akutulutsa zantchito chifukwa chothandiza anthu, pomwe ena amanyoza omwe akutulutsa kuti "zigawenga."

M'malingaliro okhumudwitsazi omwe atha kukhala ndi zotulukapo zazikulu zachitetezo cha dziko, zitha kukhala zothandiza kufunafuna kumvetsetsa bwino malingaliro omwe akukhudzidwa, komanso ubale wawo ndi demokalase. Zowonadi, funso loti ngati zomwe leaker adachita zinali zoyenerera ndi funso lamakhalidwe abwino, grist of the mill of analysis and Philosophy of Ethics.

M'malo mwake, ntchito yoliza mluzu yathandizidwa kwambiri mzaka makumi atatu zapitazi ndi akatswiri anzeru omwe amagwira ntchito zamabizinesi ndi akatswiri pantchito. M'malo mwanga monga mkonzi komanso woyambitsa wa International Journal of Applied Philosophy, magazini yoyamba padziko lonse lapansi yoperekedwa kumunda, ndakhala ndi mwayi wothandiza kupanga zolemba izi, ndipo ndakhala ndikugwira ntchito limodzi ndi ena mwa akatswiri olemba mu malowa monga malemu Frederick A. Elliston. Chifukwa chake ndikuwona kuti ndili ndiudindo wapadera woti ndilingalire pankhaniyi. Izi ndizomwe ndimalowetsa pamtsutsowu.

"Kuimba malikhweru," monga momwe zimamvekera m'mabuku anzeru, kumakhudzanso kuwulula kwa ogwira ntchito m'mabizinesi, mabungwe aboma ndi mabungwe aboma, kapena mabungwe aboma, zikhalidwe zosaloledwa, zachiwerewere, kapena zokayikitsa zomwe zikuchitika m'mabungwe amenewo. Cholinga chowululira, ngakhale chitakhala kuti chikuvulaza omwe akuchita zovomerezeka, sichikugwiranso ntchito ngati ntchitoyo ikuyenera kukhala kuyimba likhweru. Chifukwa chake, munthu amatha kuliza mluzu pazifukwa zongofuna kudzipindulitsa, monga kubwerera kwa wina. Mwakutero, funso lokhudza chikhalidwe cha munthu amene akuwulura ndi nkhani imodzi; kaya munthu amene akuyimba mluzu kapena ayi kapena ayi

Chifukwa chake, kufunikira kwa kulira kwa mluzu, mosiyana ndi cholinga chaomwe amaliza mluzu, kuyenera kufufuzidwa molingana ndi kulemera kwa cholakwacho ndikokwanira kutsimikizira kuwululidwa. Chifukwa chake pakhoza kukhala zisankho zoyipa kwambiri (zamakhalidwe osayenera) zowayimbira likhweru oimba mlandu omwe ali ndi zolinga zabwino, monga pomwe nkhaniyi ingakhazikike mosavuta m'bungwe; koma pangakhalenso maziko ena, mosasamala kanthu za cholinga, monga ngozi ikakhala yayikulu kotero kuti iyenera kufotokozedwera pagulu, ndipo kuyimba mluzu ndiye njira yokhayo yokwaniritsira cholingachi.

Chimodzi mwazomwe zachitika ndichakuti atolankhani amakambirana kuti ngati omwe akutuluka mu kayendetsedwe ka Trump anali ndi zolinga zoyipa zosokoneza kayendetsedwe ka Trump sizothandiza kwenikweni pakuyimbira mluzu. Zowonadi, Whistleblower Protection Enhancement Act ya 2012 ikufotokoza izi momveka bwino kuti, "kuwulula sikungachotsedwe ku [chitetezo] chifukwa .... cha cholinga cha wogwira ntchito kapena wopemphayo."

Ponena za kufotokozeredwa mwalamulo, a Whistleblowers Protection Act amateteza kuwululidwa ndi ogwira ntchito m'boma, kapena omwe kale anali antchito, omwe ogwira ntchito amakhulupirira umboni "(A) kuphwanya lamulo lililonse, malamulo, kapena malamulo; kapena` (B) kusayendetsa bwino, kuwononga ndalama mopitirira muyeso, kugwiritsa ntchito molakwa udindo, kapena kuopsa kwakukulu pachitetezo cha anthu kapena chitetezo. " Chifukwa chake, woyimba mluzu ayenera kukhala ndi chikhulupiriro chomveka kuti kuphwanya kulipo; koma, cholinga Kuwulula zomwe wogwira ntchitoyo amakhulupirira kuti ndikuphwanya sikofunikira. Ndiye, kodi kuwulula kopangidwa ndi akuluakulu aboma zokhudzana ndi kulumikizana kokayikitsa kwa Flynn kunali kotetezedwa mwalamulo?

Yankho ndi ayi. Lamuloli likufunanso kuti zomwe zawululidwa "sizoletsedwa mwachindunji ndi lamulo." Popeza chidziwitsochi chidasankhidwa, sichidatetezedwe ndi lamuloli. Komabe, kusaloledwa kwa kuwulula sikukutanthauza kuti zinali zosayenera kuulula. M'malo mwake zikutanthauza kuti anthu omwe adawaulula sanatetezedwe pakuzengedwa mlandu chifukwa choulula.

Mwanjira imeneyi, kuyimba mluzu mufunso kumafanana kwambiri ndi kusamvera boma . Lamuloli limakhudza nzika kukana kutsatira lamulo linalake lomwe ndi lachiwerewere kapena lopanda chilungamo. Kusamvera boma ndi njira yofunika yomwe kusintha kwalamulo kumakhudzidwira. Zowonadi, mu demokalase yathu, ngati palibe amene angatsutse malamulo osalungama, sangasinthidwe. Rosa Parks anakana kusiya mpando wake pabasi kupita kwa mzungu motsutsana ndi lamulo la tsankho la Alabama, ndipo zina zonse ndi mbiri. Lamulolo linali lopanda tanthauzo ndipo limafunika kutsutsidwa, ndipo Rosa Parks (pamodzi ndi ena) adakumana ndi vutoli ndikuthandizira kusintha lamulo lomwe liyenera kusintha.

Pankhani yoliza mluzu, nzika yabizinesi imathandizanso kusintha kusintha kwa chikhalidwe. Merrill Williams, wazamalamulo yemwe adayamba kugwiritsa ntchito fodya, adaphwanya mgwirizano wachinsinsi wa kampani yamalamulo yomwe adamugwirira ntchito kuti awulule kuti Brown & Williamson Tobacco Corporation, kwazaka zambiri, idabisala mwadala umboni woti ndudu ndizoyambitsa khansa komanso zosokoneza bongo. Pa mulingo wa feduro, pachinyengo chotchuka cha Watergate, Associate Director wa Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) a Mark Felt (AKA "Deep Throat") adaimba mluzu pazochitika zosaloledwa za oyang'anira a Nixon, zomwe zidapangitsa Purezidenti kusiya ntchito Nixon komanso kumangidwa kwa Chief of Staff HR Haldeman ndi Attorney General waku United States a John N. Mitchell, mwa ena. Mwachiwonekere, pali mbiri yakale yosatsimikizika yomwe ikuwonetsa kuti ntchito yoliza mluzu imatha kupereka zopereka zofunika kwambiri pakukhazikitsa malamulo komanso mchitidwe wogwiritsa ntchito molakwika mphamvu poteteza anthu.

Kuimbira mluzu komanso kusamvera anthu wamba kumaphatikizaponso kudziika pachiwopsezo chazinthu zotsutsana ndi zosavomerezeka kapena zachiwerewere, kuphatikiza kuchotsedwa ntchito, kuzunzidwa, kuwopsezedwa kuti aphedwa, kuvulazidwa, kulipitsidwa chindapusa, ndi kumangidwa. Popeza phindu la zamakhalidwe ndi / kapena zalamulo ndizofunikira, ndipo wolemba malipoti amafunafuna zosinthazi chifukwa cha iwo okha (osati pazifukwa zongofuna kudzipangira okha), anthu omwe amachita kulira malikhweru kapena kusamvera boma kulimbika mtima . Izi ndi zochititsa chidwi chifukwa otsutsa omwe amaliza oimba milandu komanso anthu osamvera anzawo nthawi zina amanamizira kuti anthuwa ndi "achiwembu," "zigawenga," kapena anthu ena osayenerera kapena oyipa. Osatengera izi, atha kukhala pakati pa anthu olimba mtima kwambiri, amisili, kapena okonda dziko lawo. Ingoganizirani Rosa Parks! Anaphwanya lamulo la boma ku Alabama, komabe zikanakhala zovuta kuti timutche "chigawenga". Komano, pali kukhulupirika pakati pa akuba, koma izi sizimapangitsa kuti akhale amakhalidwe abwino.

Mu demokalase, kuyimba mluzu, komanso kusamvera anthu, zimagwira ntchito yofunika. Monga atolankhani, oyimba mluzu amatha kuthandizira kuwulula zodabwitsazi zomwe anthu amateteza maboma, zomwe nthawi zambiri zimagwirira ntchito mogwirizana ndi atolankhani, monga momwe zimachitikira ndi a Flynn. Izi ndichifukwa chake atsogoleri andale achinyengo omwe amadana ndi atolankhani nawonso amanyoza oimba milandu. Kutali ngati owomba mluzu, monga atolankhani, amafuna kuwonekera poyera, amadziwika kuti ndi "mdani."

Kutuluka kwa wachinsinsi zidziwitso zaboma ndi whistleblower, ngakhale ndizosaloledwa, zitha kuthandiza pagulu ngati zikuwulula ngozi yayikulu mdziko. Potulutsa zidziwitso zazing'ono, monga momwe zimakhalira ndi kulumikizana kwa a Michael Flynn ndi Kazembe wa Russia, kutayikaku kungakhale kofunika kwambiri ku chitetezo chadziko. Ngati pali kuyesa kufooketsa chitetezo cha dziko ndi mdani wakunja, ndipo iwo omwe anthu amawakhulupirira kuti adzawateteza akugwirizana ndi mdaniyu, ndiye kuti izi ziyenera kufotokozedwera pagulu bola kulibe njira ina yothetsera zokhoza kuvulaza. Monga pakusamvera boma, titha kuyembekezera kuti omwe akuyamba kubedwawo azengedwa mlandu. Komabe, monga mamembala a demokalase, tiyeneranso kukhulupirira kuti chidziwitso chomwe chatulutsidwa chidzachitidwa mozama ndikuti kuphwanya kulikonse kwachitetezo komwe kukuwululidwa kufufuzidwa kwathunthu. Umu ndi momwe demokalase imagwirira ntchito.

Ndiye kodi zinali zoyenerera kuti akuluakulu aboma adziwe zambiri pazokambirana za Flynn? Akuti a Flynn, ananamizira Wachiwiri kwa Purezidenti pazomwe anali kukambirana, akukana kuti akukambirana zokambirana zaku Russia. Komabe, nkhaniyi ikadatha kuyimitsidwa ngati akuluakulu aboma atafotokozera a V.P. kapena kwa oyang'anira awo, omwe atha, kudziwitsa a V.P. M'malo mwake, izi zidachitikadi pomwe Attorney General Sally Yates adadziwitsa a White House zamalumikizidwe omwe adalandiridwa. Komabe, zomwe zingachitike sizinali zongonamizira V.P .; Zinanenanso za kuphwanya chitetezo chamayiko. Kodi nkhaniyi iyenera kuti idayendetsedwa bwino ndi oyang'anira a Trump osafalitsa nkhaniyi kwa atolankhani?

Izi zidachitika, a White House sanathamangitse Flynn mpaka atadziwitsa anthu, ngakhale kuti anali atalandira uthengawu kuchokera kwa Attis Attorney General milungu ingapo izi zisanachitike. Chifukwa chake, nkutheka kuti omwe akutuluka sanazindikire njira ina iliyonse yothanirana ndi zomwe akuphwanya izi kupatula kuyimbira mluzu Flynn. Kuchita izi mwina atha kale kuthandizira kuchotsa "ulalo wofooka" muulamuliro. Komabe, zikuwonekabe zomwe zidzachitike.