N 'chifukwa Chiyani Adafunsira Kukaonana ndi Anthu Amisala?

Anthu amagonekedwa mchipatala pazifukwa zambiri, kuphatikizapo kupwetekedwa mtima, matenda amtima, ndi sitiroko. Mwina, munthu amafunikira chithandizo champhamvu cha khansa kapena opaleshoni kuti asinthe chiuno kapena bondo. Mosasamala kanthu za chifukwa cholowera kuchipatala, si zachilendo kwa dokotala kapena zamankhwala kupempha kukambirana ndi amisala. Chifukwa chiyani? Matenda ambiri komanso / kapena chithandizo chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito pazikhalidwezi chimakhudzana ndi zizolowezi zamakhalidwe, ndipo wogwira ntchito kapena wochita opareshoni nthawi zambiri amafuna kuti athandizidwe ndi wazamisala kuti athandizire kudziwa zomwe zasintha machitidwe ndikuzindikira chithandizo chothandiza. Kodi zina mwa kusintha kwamakhalidwe ndi chiyani ndipo zimachitika chifukwa chiyani? Nazi zitsanzo.

Matenda ena, mwachitsanzo, matenda amtima ndi matenda ashuga, amalumikizidwa ndi zizindikilo za kukhumudwa kwamankhwala. Ngati wodwala wagonekedwa kuti ali wokhumudwa kwambiri kapena akuwonetsa mwanjira iliyonse kuti akuganiza zodzivulaza, gulu lazachipatala nthawi zambiri limayitanitsa katswiri wazamisala kuti adzawone kukula ndi kuzindikirika kwa zodandaula, kuti adziwe kuwopsa kwake -makhalidwe abwino, ndikupangira malangizo amankhwala. Madokotala azamisala amatenga gawo lofunikira pakuwongolera odwalawa chifukwa kupezeka kwachisokonezo nthawi zambiri kumafooketsa zotsatira zamatenda oyambilira, komanso mosemphanitsa.

Chochitika china chofala chimaphatikizapo wodwala yemwe wagonekedwa kuchipatala kapena kuchipatala yemwe amayamba mwadzidzidzi, kusokonezeka, kusokonezeka, kapena kuyerekezera zinthu (mwachitsanzo, kumva mawu kapena kuwona zinthu kapena anthu omwe kulibe). Pali zifukwa zambiri zomwe zingachitike pamakhalidwe azachipatala. Mwachitsanzo, odwala ena ali ndi matenda amisala omwe adakhalapo omwe amakhala odziwika kwambiri ndikuchepetsa nkhawa kwawo kuchipatala. Odwala omwe ali ndi vuto losinthasintha zochitika kapena schizophrenia amatha kukhala ndi zizindikiritso zamatendawa chifukwa chopsinjika komanso kusokonezeka pamachitidwe awo. Kugonekedwa mchipatala, komwe kumachitika chifukwa chodziwika bwino, kumathandizanso kusintha kwamakhalidwe mwa anthu omwe ali ndi matenda amisala monga matenda a Alzheimer's.

Chifukwa china chofala chomwe odwala omwe ali mchipatala amawonetsera kusokonezeka, kusokonezeka, ndi / kapena kuyerekezera zinthu ndi chitukuko cha matenda omwe amadziwika kuti delirium. Delirium ndi mtundu wamatenda oyipa am'magazi am'magazi momwe maubongo angapo samakhazikika. Nthawi zina, munthu amatha kukhala ndi "bata" lachisokonezo ndikusokonezeka kwambiri. Odwala oterewa amangonyalanyazidwa mpaka wina yemwe ali mgulu lazachipatala azindikira kuti munthuyu wasokonezeka kapena ali ndi mavuto akulu amakumbukidwe. Nthawi zina, matenda aubongo amachititsa kuti munthu azikhala ndi zododometsa monga kusokonezeka kapena kuyerekezera zinthu m'maganizo. Odwalawa amatha kukhala osamvera komanso owopsa kwa iwo eni komanso kwa ena. Ngakhale delirium imadziwonetsera yokha kudzera m'makhalidwe osokonezeka a wodwalayo, zomwe zimayambitsa zimakhudza zomwe zimachitika pachipatala kapena chithandizo chake. Mwachitsanzo, kuchuluka kwa mankhwala ochulukirapo kumatha kubweretsa chisokonezo. Matenda osadziwika, monga matenda amkodzo kapena chibayo, amatha kuyambitsa matenda amisala. Kuchita maopareshoni, makamaka pansi pa anesthesia wamba, nthawi zina kumakankhira ubongo m'mphepete mwake, kumabweretsa chisokonezo. Katswiri wazamisala atha kuthandiza gulu lazachipatala kapena lochita opaleshoni kuti lipeze matenda a delirium kenako ndikulimbikitsa kuwunika komwe kumayambitsa matenda. Katswiri wazamisala amathanso kuthandizira pakuwongolera zosokoneza. Monga tanenera kale, munthu wodwala matenda aubongo amakhala ndi ubongo womwe umasokonekera kale ndipo amatha kutengeka ndi delirium. Kuzindikira kuti ndizizindikiro ziti zomwe zikugwirizana ndi matenda amisala komanso zomwe zimayambitsa matenda a delirium zingakhale zovuta.

Ndikofunikira kuti deliria apezeke ndipo chifukwa chake chatsimikizika. Delirium yomwe ikupitilira kumalumikizidwa ndi zotsatira zoyipa kwambiri zamankhwala munthawi yochepa komanso yayitali, mwachitsanzo, matenda aubongo oopsa ndi zomwe zimayambitsa zimatha kulumikizidwa ndi maphunziro azachipatala komanso ngozi yakufa. Deliria amadziwikanso m'magulu angapo a matenda.

Nthawi zina amisala amafunsidwa kuchipatala chifukwa wodwala akukana njira zamankhwala kapena zamankhwala zomwe madokotala amakhulupirira kuti ndizofunikira. Gulu lazachipatala lingakhale ndi nkhawa kuti wodwalayo sakugwiritsa ntchito mwanzeru ndipo atha kufunsa wazamisala kuti athandize kudziwa ngati wodwalayo ali ndi kuthekera kosankha. Ngakhale lingaliro ili silikusowa katswiri wazamisala, si zachilendo kwa akatswiri azamisala kupemphedwa kuti awunike momwe munthu amagwirira ntchito komanso kuthekera kopanga zisankho. Udindo wamisala panthawiyi ndikupereka malingaliro okhudzana ndi kusankha kwa wodwalayo. Ngati katswiri wazamisala amakhulupirira kuti munthuyo ali ndi kuthekera kosankha zamankhwala kapena zamankhwala zomwe akupatsidwa, ndiye kuti azachipatala kapena ochita opaleshoni atha kukhumudwa, koma ayenera kulemekeza lingaliro la wodwalayo. Ngati zatsimikizika kuti wodwalayo samamvetsetsa za vutoli komanso kuopsa kosalandila chithandizo, gulu lazachipatala kapena laopaleshoni lingasankhe kutsatira ndondomeko zomwe zingakhazikitsidwe kuti zithandizire wodwalayo kuti amuthandize moyo. Ndikofunikira kudziwa kuti, munthawi imeneyi, akatswiri azamisala amayesa momwe zinthu ziliri komanso kutha kupanga chisankho. Samanena kuti odwala ndi "osakhoza" chifukwa nthawi zina amakhulupirira molakwika; Kuchita bwino ndichinthu chovuta kwambiri mwalamulo osati lingaliro lazachipatala / zamaganizidwe.

Pali zifukwa zina zambiri zomwe madotolo azachipatala kapena opangira opaleshoni angafunse wazachipatala kuti amuunike wodwalayo. Nthawi zambiri sizikhala zopangira upangiri kapena "chithandizo", komabe. M'malo mwake, ndikuthandiza gulu lazachipatala kudziwa chifukwa chake wodwala akuwonetsa zomwe zikuwonetsa kusokonekera kwaubongo komanso momwe angayankhire bwino.

Gawoli linalembedwa ndi Eugene Rubin MD, PhD ndi Charles Zorumski MD.