Chifukwa Chiyani Timalekanitsa Psychiatry ndi Neurology?

Zamkati

• Psychiatry Yofunika Kuwerenga
• Kuphatikiza Kusamalira Maganizo Pazinthu Zoyeserera Zoyambira

Momwe kupita patsogolo kwa ma neurobiology ndi genetics kumawululira mayanjano ovuta pakati pakapangidwe kaubongo, magwiridwe antchito, ndi zizindikiritso zamatenda amisala, pakhala kuyitanidwa kwatsopano kuti akhazikitsenso matenda amisala ngati matenda amanjenje. Izi zikuwonetsedwa m'mawu apagulu ndi anthu odziwika mu zamisala zaku America, monga zonena za Thomas Insel kuti matenda amisala ndimatenda amubongo komanso lingaliro la Eric Kandel loti aphatikize matenda amisala ndi minyewa.

Chiyanjano pakati pa matenda amisala ndi ubongo nthawi zonse chimakhala chosangalatsa komanso chotsutsana, ndipo zokambirana izi zokhudzana ndi ubale wapakati pa matenda amisala sizatsopano. Pafupifupi zaka mazana awiri zapitazo, katswiri wodziwika bwino wamaubongo komanso wamisala Wilhelm Griesinger (1845) adanenetsa kuti "matenda onse amisala ndi matenda am'magazi," kutsutsana komwe kumamveka m'mawu aposachedwa monga a Insel ndi Kandel.

Mosiyana ndi izi, katswiri wazamisala komanso wafilosofi Karl Jaspers (1913), polemba pafupifupi zaka zana kuchokera Greisinger, adatinso "sipanakhale kukwaniritsidwa kwa chiyembekezo choti kuwunika kwa zochitika zamatsenga, za mbiriyakale ya moyo ndi zotsatira zake kumatha kutulutsa mawonekedwe. magulu omwe angatsimikizidwe pazomwe anapeza muubongo "(tsamba 568).

Pepala laposachedwa lofalitsidwa mu Zolemba za Neuropsychiatry ndi Clinical Neurosciences imayamba, "Ngakhale ziwalo zambiri zimakhala ndi ntchito zamankhwala zodzipereka, ubongo udagawika kale m'magulu awiri, neurology ndi psychiatry" (Perez, Keshavan, Scharf, Boes, & Price, 2018, p. 271), ndikuyika bwino matenda amisala zapadera zomwe zimakumana ndi matenda aubongo.

Ndikunena kuti malingaliro awononge matenda amisala monga matenda amitsempha amachokera pacholakwika chachikulu pagulu ndikuti kusiyanitsa pakati pamisala yamankhwala amitsempha siyachinyengo.

Izi sizikukana thupi, ndiye kuti, malingaliro amakhalapo chifukwa cha ubongo, ndipo ndikuganiza kuti ndizotheka nthawi yomweyo kuvomereza kuti malingaliro ndi ntchito yaubongo komanso kuti mavuto amisala sangatengeke ndimavuto amubongo. Kuti tichite izi, tiyeni tiwone kaye kusiyana pakati pa matenda amisala ndi minyewa ndiyeno tiwunikenso zonena kuti zovuta zamisala zitha kuchepetsedwa kukhala zovuta zamubongo.

Matenda amitsempha ndi, mwakutanthauzira, matenda apakati komanso ozungulira amanjenje, ndipo amatha kudziwika potengera kuyezetsa kwamankhwala, monga electroencephalography ya khunyu ndi kulingalira kwamagnon kwa chotupa chaubongo. Matenda ambiri amitsempha amatha zakunja, Tanthauzo lomwe limapezeka kuti limakhalapo ngati chotupa m'dera linalake la ubongo kapena dongosolo lamanjenje. Ngakhale matenda ena aminyewa amatha kuyambitsa matenda amisala, monga kusintha kwa malingaliro kapena malingaliro, matenda amitsempha samalumikizidwa makamaka ndi zovuta zam'malingaliro izi, ndipo amapezeka pambuyo pazotsatira zoyipa za matendawa pamanjenje.

Mosiyana ndi izi, matenda amisala kapena amisala amadziwika ndi chisokonezo chachikulu chachipatala m'malingaliro, momwe akumvera, kapena mwamakhalidwe. Pulogalamu ya Kusanthula ndi Buku Lophatikiza la Mavuto Amisala sachita nawo ndale chifukwa chazovuta zam'mutu, ndipo, ngakhale odana ndi ma anti -ychiatists, gulu lazamisala laku America silinatchulepo kuti matenda amisala ndi "kusalinganika kwamankhwala" kapena matenda amubongo (onani Pies, 2019).

Ngakhale kupita patsogolo kwakukulu kwachitika m'malo a neuroscience ndi ma genetics omwe amatithandiza kumvetsetsa kwathu kwamatenda amisala, sipangakhale chida chimodzi chodziwikiratu cha matenda amisala. Zakale, zovuta zamaganizidwe zakhala zikuganiziridwa matenda ogwira ntchito, chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa magwiridwe antchito, m'malo mochita matenda, zomwe zimakhudzana ndi zovuta zodziwika bwino zachilengedwe. American Psychiatric Association (2013) imafotokoza zovuta zam'mutu motere:

Matenda amisala ndi matenda omwe amadziwika kuti ali ndi vuto lalikulu pakazindikiritso ka munthu, momwe akumvera, kapena machitidwe omwe amawonetsa kusokonekera kwamachitidwe amisala, kapena chitukuko chomwe chimayambitsa magwiridwe antchito. Matenda amisala nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi nkhawa yayikulu pamagulu, ntchito, kapena zina zofunika (tsamba 20).

Psychiatry Yofunika Kuwerenga

Kuphatikiza Kusamalira Maganizo Pazinthu Zoyeserera Zoyambira