Chifukwa Chomwe Anthu Ena Amakonda Kuwonera Makanema Otchuka

Chimodzi mwazovuta kwambiri zomwe zachitika posachedwa pa intaneti ndikuwonera makanema otchedwa "ziphuphu". M'mavidiyo awa, chithandizo cha zodetsa zosiyanasiyana pakhungu monga ziphuphu, mitu yoyera, mikwingwirima, ndi zotupa zimawonetsedwa mwatsatanetsatane. Ngakhale anthu ambiri amanyansidwa ndi makanemawa, ena mwa iwo adawonedwa koposa 10 miliyoni. Chodabwitsa ndichakuti, owonera ambiri amasiya ndemanga zabwino za makanemawa, ndikuwonetsa, mwachitsanzo, momwe zimasangalatsira kuwonera. Chifukwa chomwe anthu ena amasangalalira kuwonera zinthu zomwe ndizonyansa kwambiri ndizomwe zimachitika mwamaganizidwe zomwe sizimamveka bwino.

Kafukufuku watsopano wama neurosciology adayang'ana kwambiri pakufufuza zomwe zimachitika muubongo pomwe anthu amawonera makanema omwe akutuluka akuyesera kuwunikira izi. Kafukufukuyu, yemwe wangofalitsidwa kumene mu magazini yasayansi Khalidwe Lofufuza Ubongo (Wabnegger et al., 2021), adagwiritsa ntchito njira ya neurosciology yotchedwa fMRI (imaging magnetic resonance imaging). Ubongo wazimayi 80 udasanthulidwa pogwiritsa ntchito sikani ya MRI pomwe azimayiwo amawonera mitundu itatu yamavidiyo: makanema otumphuka, mavidiyo akasupe wamadzi, ndi makanema oyeretsera nthunzi. Chofunika kwambiri, panali magulu awiri a omwe amatenga nawo mbali: Amayi omwe amakonda kusangalala ndi makanema opumira komanso azimayi omwe sanatero. Kuphatikiza pa kuwonera makanema mu sikani ya MRI, ophunzirawo adadzazanso mafunso okhudza momwe akumvera mumtima komanso momwe akumvera pazotulutsa makanema.

Zambiri pazakufunsidwa zidawulula kuti azimayi omwe amakonda kusangalala ndi makanema otulutsa ziphuphu samanyansidwa mosavuta kuposa gulu linalo. Kusanthula kwa chidziwitso cha neuroimaging kudawulula kuti azimayiwa adawonetsa kutseguka kwaubongo m'malo omwe amatchedwa frontopolar cortex m'dera laubongo pomwe akuwonera makanema otumphuka poyerekeza ndi gulu linalo. Malo amtunduwu amatenga nawo mbali polemba zomwe akufuna kuchita ndikulosera zotsatira za zisankho zamagalimoto. Asayansi akuwonetsa kuti ndizofunikira kwambiri pakuwonera makanema otulutsa ziphuphu pomwe makanemawa amayamba ndi chiphuphu chosasinthidwa. Anthu owonera makanemawa akuyembekeza nthawi yomwe kukakamizidwa kugwiritsidwa ntchito pachiphuphu kuti itsegule ndikutsitsidwa.

Mosiyana ndi gulu lomwe limakonda kuwonera makanema oundana, gululo lomwe silinawonetse kuwonongeka kwa ma nucleus accumbens. Mbali yaubongo iyi imakhudzidwa ndikusangalala, komanso kupewa zinthu zosasangalatsa. Kulepheretsa dera lino laubongo nthawi zambiri kumalumikizidwa ndi chinthu chonyansa. Chifukwa chake, zikuwoneka kuti pali kunyansidwa kwamphamvu m'gululi kuposa azimayi omwe amasangalala kuwonera makanema.

Kutengera zomwe apeza, asayansiwa apanga njira ziwiri zomwe zimapangitsa kuti anthu ena azisangalala akuwonera makanema pomwe anthu ena amawanyansa:

1. Kusiyanasiyana pakutha kuyipitsa kunyansidwa: Kunyansidwa ndikumverera komwe kumatithandiza kuti tisayandikire zinthu zomwe zingawononge thanzi lathu chifukwa zitha kuyambitsa poyizoni (monga chakudya chowola) kapena matenda (monga chilonda chotupa) . Ngakhale kanemayo yemwe ali ndi vidiyo yonyansa ndi yonyansa, siyowopsa pazaumoyo wa anthu omwe amawawonera, monganso momwe wina akuwonera kanema wowopsa sakhala pachiwopsezo chophedwa. Anthu omwe amakonda kuwonera makanema odziwika bwino atha kukhala ndi mwayi wokhoza kusintha kunyansidwa kwawo akawonera kanema (wopanda vuto) kuposa omwe amanyansidwa nawo. Izi zitha kukhala zofananira ndi zomwe anthu ena amakonda kuwonera makanema oopsa pomwe ena amakhala ndi nkhawa kuchokera m'makanemawa.

2. Chidwi chachikulu pazomwe zili zoyipa: Kafukufuku woyambirira adawonetsa kuti kuwonera zinthu zoyipa kumatha kuyambitsa mphotho yaubongo mwa anthu ena, potengera "chidwi chowopsa." Anthu omwe amakonda kuwonera makanema odziwika bwino atha kuwonetsa chidwi choopsa kuposa ena omwe satero.