Chifukwa Chake Timatanganidwa Ndi Zisimba

Pepala latsopano lofalitsidwa mu nyuzipepalayi Psychology ya Media Yotchuka imapereka kufotokozera chifukwa chake nthawi zina timapezeka tikukhazikitsa a Tony Sopranos, Walter Whites, ndi Harley Quinns apadziko lonse lapansi. Zimakhudzana ndi momwe timaonera mbali zina za umunthu wathu mwa iwo.

Posachedwapa ndalankhula ndi a Dara Greenwood, wolemba wamkulu pa kafukufukuyu, kuti tikambirane za kudzoza kwa ntchitoyi ndi zomwe adapeza. Nayi chidule cha zokambirana zathu.

Mark Akuyenda : Nchiyani chakukopani ku mutu uwu?

Dara Greenwood : Ntchitoyi idayambitsidwa ndi wophunzira wanga wakale yemwe anali wofunitsitsa kumvetsetsa momwe malingaliro osiyanasiyana angapangire pazinthu zotsutsana ndi mbiri yakale. Si mtundu wanga, ngakhale ndinali wokonda kwambiri "Nyumba" kubwerera liti!

Kodi anthu omwe amagawana zina mwazosiyana ndi zachikale zitha kukhala zosangalatsa? Kapena, kodi zinali zosangalatsa kwambiri kotero kuti kusiyana pakati pa owonera sikunali kofunikira pankhaniyo?

Tidapeza kuti zomwe amakonda kudziona kuti ndizosafunikira pakati pa owonera-monga nkhanza ndi Machiavellianism-zidaneneratu za kukondana kwamtunduwu komanso otchulidwa. Mwachitsanzo, wina yemwe adakwera kwambiri paukali amawonanso mapulogalamu a antihero pafupipafupi, adatinso chisangalalo chowonjezeka pazokonda kwawo zobwezera, ndikuwona kuti ali ofanana ndi antihero yomwe amawakonda poyerekeza ndi omwe amaponya nkhonya zochepa.

Komabe, nkhaniyi inali yovuta. Ophunzirawo amayenera kukhala ngati antihero yomwe amawakonda kuti ndiwopambana kuposa oyipa, ndipo ziwonetsero zomwe zimawonetsedwa ngati zachiwawa zimalumikizananso ndi kuchepa kwamakhalidwe.

Chosangalatsanso china chinali chakuti munthu woipa wina anali ngwazi ya munthu wina. Mwachitsanzo, ngakhale kuti anthu ambiri amaika Walter White pamwamba pazinthu zoyipa, munthu m'modzi amamuwona ngati ngwazi. Chifukwa chake, pali magawo ambiri oti aganizire.

Maulendo : Ndi zikhalidwe ziti zodziwika bwino kapena malingaliro amunthu wankhondo?

Greenwood : Asayansi awona kuti ngwazi zambiri zodziwika bwino zimawoneka ngati zomwe zimatchedwa "Dark Triad" - gulu la anthu osakonda kucheza ndi ena monga narcissism, Machiavellianism, ndi psychopathy.

Ma antiheroes amakhalanso achimuna-ngakhale kuti azimayi achigonjetso amakhaladi okopa-ndipo amakonda kukhala ndi "amuna osakondera" omwe amakhala opanda nkhawa kapena achiwawa.

Pali kusiyanasiyana kambiri komwe angawonedwe ngati wotsutsa. Angaphatikizepo anthu ena omwe ali ndi mabanja omwe amalowerera ndikulowa munjira zoyipa kapena zosayenera (monga Walter White kapena Tony Soprano), kapena atha kuphatikizira otsogola ngati James Bond kapena Batman, omwe amafunafuna chilungamo m'malo mwa iwowo kapena ena kudzera munjira zachiwawa.

Maulendo : Nchiyani chimasiyanitsa antihero wamwamuna ndi antihero wamkazi?

Greenwood : Chifukwa chimodzi, kuchuluka kwa zipolopolo zachikazi ndizocheperako poyerekeza ndi amuna - zomwe ndizomvetsa chisoni kuti zimachitikiranso m'mafilimu ndi pa TV (chachimuna ndi chachikazi chimawoneka kuti chikuzungulira 2: 1).

Pakafukufuku wathu, 11% yokha ya omwe adatenga nawo gawo adasankha akazi kukhala okondedwa (ndipo azimayi ambiri kuposa amuna amawasankha). Palinso maphunziro ena omwe akuwonetsa kuti zigawenga zachikazi zimatha kumva kuti ndi olakwa kuposa amuna anzawo akalakwitsa, kapena osakondedwa ndi owonera. Izi zikutsatira ndikuti amayi omwe amaphwanya malamulo achikazi kuti akhale ovomerezeka kapena opanda chidwi amatha kuzindikirika molakwika kuposa amuna omwe nawonso amachita mofananamo. Ntchito yambiri ikufunika kuti tifotokozere bwino zomwe zikuyimira pano.

Maulendo : Kodi zikhalidwe zina zimakonda kwambiri zigawenga kuposa zina?

Greenwood : Kufikira pomwe magulu ankhondo amaimira mtundu wankhanza waumunthu, mwina atha kukhala otchuka m'miyambo yodziyimira pawokha, kapena zikhalidwe zomwe malingaliro amakomedwe amakulidwe. Lingaliro lodziyimira padera, kukhala wosiyana ndi ena, ndikuchita modzikonda chifukwa cha zofuna zanu zonse ndizoyenera pamalingaliro amtunduwu. Komabe, kuchitira anthu ena zitha kukhala zogwirizana ndi zikhalidwe zina zothandizana nawo. Kafukufuku wochuluka amafunika kutsogolo.

Maulendo : Kodi pali zifukwa zina zomwe zingatipangitse kukonda "zopanda nzeru" kapena kuyanjana ndi ngwazi?

Greenwood : Mwanjira zambiri, sizopanda nzeru kulumikizana ndi omwe amatchulidwa ndi nkhani zaluso; tasintha kuti tiphunzire kuchokera munkhani komanso pakuwona mopanda tanthauzo. Akatswiri ena ofufuza zamaganizidwe amati chisangalalo chomwe chimatchedwa "mayendedwe" m'makanema ndi pa TV ndikumatha kukhala pachiwopsezo kapena kuphwanya malamulo patali. Zachidziwikire, choyipa ndikuti titha kukhala okonzeka kuzolowera zoipa kapena kuzidandaula nazo, pomwe otchulidwa amayamba kumva ngati abwenzi omwe angatibwezeretse komanso tikamawona zachiwawa mobwerezabwereza. Kapenanso, titha kumva kuti zomwe tili nazo mopambanitsa ndizoyenera kapena zofunika. Kafukufuku wanthawi yayitali komanso wa nthawi yayitali pazomwe zimachitika chifukwa cha ziwawa zofalitsa nkhani zikuwonetsa kuti siziyenera kutengedwa ngati chimodzi mwazomwe zingawopseze.

Maulendo : Ndi ndani mwaomwe mumakonda?

Greenwood : Monga ndidanenera, sizinali kwenikweni mtundu wanga. Ndimakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi ziwawa zamtundu uliwonse ndipo ndidangodutsa gawo loyambirira la "Breaking Bad."

Koma ndimamukonda Dr. House, mwina chifukwa Hugh Laurie anali waluso pantchitoyi, ndipo mwina chifukwa mumadziwa kuti pomalizira pake anali ndi zolinga zabwino (makamaka) pansi pamachitidwe ake ovuta. Koma ndiyeneranso kuti ndidatengeka ndi "malingaliro okhudza kudzisunga." Mwinanso ndimamulekerera chifukwa cha njira zake zosayenera chifukwa pamapeto pake adapulumutsa miyoyo. Lingaliro lakuti malekezero amatsimikizira njira zake zikugwirizana ndi malingaliro ambiri a Machiavellian. Hmm ...