Chifukwa Chake Muyenera Kusamala Zokhudza Quantum Neuroscience

Ngati simunamve, Quantum sayansi ndiyotentha pakadali pano, ndimakambirana okondweretsedwa mwamphamvu zamakompyuta ochulukirapo, kulumikizana kopitilira muyeso komanso chitetezo chosasunthika cha cyber kudzera pakubisa kwazambiri.

Chifukwa chiyani hype yonse?

Mwachidule, sayansi ya Quantum imalonjeza kudumpha kwakukulu m'malo mwanjira zomwe timazolowera kudzera mu sayansi ya tsiku ndi tsiku. Sayansi ya tsiku ndi tsiku, mwachitsanzo, imatipatsa makompyuta atsopano omwe amakhala ndi mphamvu kawiri zaka 2-3 zilizonse, pomwe Quantum science imalonjeza makompyuta ndi ambiri nthawi mabiliyoni mphamvu zambiri kuposa kompyuta yamphamvu kwambiri yomwe ikupezeka masiku ano.

Mwanjira ina Sayansi ya Quantum, ngati itachita bwino, ipangitsa kusintha kwazamphamvu muukadaulo komwe kumakonzanso dziko lapansi monga momwe tikudziwira, m'njira zowoneka bwino kuposa intaneti kapena mafoni.

Kuthekera kochititsa chidwi kwa sayansi ya Quantum zonse zimachokera pachowonadi chimodzi chosavuta: zochitika za quantum zimaphwanya malamulo omwe amaletsa zomwe "zachikale" (zachilendo) zimatha kukwaniritsa.

Zitsanzo ziwiri pomwe sayansi ya Quantum imapangitsa zomwe zinali zosatheka mwadzidzidzi kutheka, ndizowonjezera kuchuluka kwa kuchuluka kwazinthu zambiri.

Tiyeni tithetse kutsimikizika kwa quantum poyamba.

Mudziko labwinobwino, chinthu monga baseball chitha kukhala pamalo amodzi nthawi imodzi. Koma mdziko la quantum, tinthu tating'onoting'ono ngati ma elekitironi titha kukhala m'malo angapo nthawi yomweyo, alipo omwe asayansi ya sayansi amatcha kutengera kwa mayiko angapo. Kotero mu dziko la quantum, chinthu chimodzi nthawi zina chimakhala ngati zinthu zambiri zosiyana.

Tsopano tiyeni tiwone kutengeka kwa kuchuluka kwa kuwonjezera kufanana kwa baseball pang'ono. M'mayiko wamba baseball ziwiri zomwe zimakhala m'malo amdima m'mabwalo akuluakulu amu Los Angeles ndi Boston sizodziyimira pawokha, kotero kuti ngati mungatsegule malo osungira kuti ayang'ane baseball imodzi, palibe chomwe chingachitike ndi baseball ina mu chosungira chakuda mamailosi 3,000 kutali. Koma mdziko la quantum, magawo awiri amtundu umodzi, monga ma photon angathe kutengeka, kotero kuti kungodziwa kuti photon imodzi ndi chowunikira nthawi yomweyo imakakamiza imzakeyo, ngakhale itakhala kutali bwanji, kuti igwire dziko linalake.

Kulowetsedwa kotereku kumatanthauza kuti m'chilengedwe chonse, zinthu zingapo nthawi zina zimatha kukhala ngati chinthu chimodzi, ngakhale zitakhala kuti zinthuzo ndizotalikirana kwambiri.

Izi zingafanane ndi kusintha mpira umodzi wa baseball — tinene kuti, kukakamiza kuti ukhale pamwamba kapena pansi pa shelufu yosungira zinthu — mwa kungotsegula loka wamakilomita 3,000 ndikuyang'anitsitsa zosiyana baseball.

Khalidwe "losatheka" limapangitsa kuti kuchuluka kwazinthu zikhale zabwino pochita zosatheka ndi, mwachitsanzo, makompyuta. M'makompyuta abwinobwino chidziwitso chosungidwa chimakhala zero kapena chimodzi, koma pamakompyuta a quantum chosungidwa, chotchedwa Qubit (kuchuluka kwazambiri), chimakhala zero ndi chimodzi nthawi imodzi. Chifukwa chake, pomwe chosungira chosavuta cha mabatani 8 chimatha kukhala ndi nambala iliyonse kuyambira 0 mpaka 255 (2 ^ 8 = 256) kukumbukira kwama Qubits 8 kumatha kusunga 2 ^ 8 = 256 manambala osiyana zonse mwakamodzi! Kukhoza kusunga zambiri zowoneka bwino ndichifukwa chake makompyuta ochulukirapo amalonjeza kudumphadumpha pakugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu.

Pachitsanzo pamwambapa, chikumbukiro cha 8 pang'ono pamakompyuta ambiri chimasunga manambala 256 pakati pa 0 ndi 255 zonse mwakamodzi pomwe kukumbukira pang'ono pang'ono pakompyuta wamba kumangosunga nambala 1 pakati pa 0 ndi 255 nthawi imodzi. Tsopano tangoganizirani chikumbukiro cha 24 bit quantum (2 ^ 24 = 16,777,216) chokhala ndi ma Qubits ochulukitsa katatu kuposa chikumbukiro chathu choyamba: chimatha kusunga Manambala 16,777,216 osiyanasiyana nthawi imodzi!

Zomwe zimatifikitsa pamphambano ya Quantum science ndi neurobiology. Ubongo waumunthu ndi purosesa yamphamvu kwambiri kuposa kompyuta iliyonse yomwe ilipo masiku ano: kodi imakwaniritsa zina mwa mphamvu zozizwitsa pogwiritsa ntchito kuchuluka kwachizolowezi chimodzimodzi momwe makompyuta ochuluka amachitira?

Mpaka posachedwa kwambiri, yankho la asayansi pankhaniyi lakhala "Ayi" wodziwika bwino.

Zochitika zachulukidwe monga kutengeka zimadalira kusiyanitsa zochitika izi ndi chilengedwe, makamaka kutentha m'chilengedwe komwe kumayendetsa tinthu tating'onoting'ono, kukhumudwitsa nyumba yochulukirapo yosakhalitsa yamakhadi okakamiza ndikukakamiza tinthu tina kutenga mfundo A kapena mfundo B , koma osati onse awiri nthawi imodzi.

Chifukwa chake, asayansi akawerenga zochitika za quantum amayesetsa kwambiri kuti apatule zomwe akuphunzira kuchokera kumalo ozungulira, nthawi zambiri pochepetsa kutentha pazoyeserera zawo mpaka zero.

Koma umboni ukukwera kuchokera kudziko lazomera zamankhwala kuti njira zina zachilengedwe zomwe zimadalira kuchuluka kwazinthu zambiri zimachitika pamawonekedwe otentha, ndikupangitsa kuti kuthekera kwakuti dziko lachilendo la makina amakanema atha kulowerera muntchito ya zamoyo zina zonse, monga wathu machitidwe amanjenje.

Mwachitsanzo, mu Meyi 2018 gulu lofufuza ku Yunivesite ya Groningen lomwe limaphatikizapo katswiri wa sayansi ya zakuthambo Thomas la Cour Jansen adapeza umboni woti zomera ndi mabakiteriya ena a photosynthetic amakwaniritsa pafupifupi 100% kutembenuza dzuwa kukhala mphamvu yogwiritsa ntchito poyerekeza kuti kuyamwa kwa mphamvu ya dzuwa kumayambitsa ma elekitironi ena mamolekyu opatsa kuwala kuti azikhala munthawi yomweyo m'malo onse osangalala komanso osakhala achisangalalo amafalikira mtunda wautali mkati mwa chomeracho, kulola ma elekitironi osangalala kuti apeze njira yabwino kwambiri yochokera kumamolekyulu komwe kuwala kumatengedwa kumamolekyulu osiyanasiyana komwe mphamvu zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito chifukwa chomeracho chimalengedwa.

Chisinthiko, pakufuna kwake kosalekeza kogwiritsa ntchito njira zopangira mphamvu zamagetsi, zikuwoneka kuti zanyalanyaza chikhulupiriro cha asayansi kuti zovuta zothandiza sizingachitike m'malo otentha, onyowa a biology.

Kupezeka kwa kuchuluka kwa kuchuluka kwa biology yazomera kwadzetsa gawo latsopano la sayansi lotchedwa quantum biology. M'zaka zingapo zapitazi, akatswiri ofufuza zamoyo apeza umboni wa kuchuluka kwa maginito oyang'ana m'maso mwa mbalame zina (zomwe zimathandiza kuti mbalamezo ziziyenda posamuka), komanso poyambitsa kununkhira kwa anthu. Ofufuza masomphenya apezanso kuti ma photoreceptor mu diso la munthu amatha kupanga ma siginecha amagetsi kuchokera pakupeza kotala imodzi yamphamvu yamphamvu.

Kodi chisinthiko chidapangitsanso ubongo wathu kukhala wopatsa mphamvu popanga mphamvu zogwiritsa ntchito kapena kutumiza ndikusunga chidziwitso pakati pa ma neuron pogwiritsa ntchito kuchuluka kwake monga kuphatikiza ndi kulowa?

Akatswiri a sayansi yaubongo ali pachiyambi pomwe amafufuza kuthekera uku, koma ine ndimakondwera ndi gawo lomwe latsala pang'ono kuchuluka kwa ma neuroscience chifukwa zitha kubweretsa kusintha kwa nsagwada pakumvetsetsa kwathu ubongo.

Ndikunena izi chifukwa mbiri ya sayansi ikutiphunzitsa kuti zomwe zikuchitika kwambiri nthawi zambiri zimachokera ku malingaliro omwe, asanachitike, amveka modabwitsa. Kupeza kwa Einstein kuti danga ndi nthawi ndichinthu chimodzimodzi (kulumikizana kwakukulu) ndi chitsanzo chimodzi, kupezeka kwa Darwin kuti anthu adasinthika kuchokera kuzinthu zakale, ndi chinthu china. Ndipo, kupezeka kwa Planck, Einstein ndi Bohr poyambirira pamakina ambiri, ndi inanso.

Zonsezi zikusonyeza kuti malingaliro akusintha kwa masewerawa mawa akusintha kupita patsogolo mu sayansi ya ubongo, lero ziziwoneka kuti anthu ambiri ndizosavomerezeka komanso zosatheka.

Tsopano, chifukwa chakuti biology yochuluka muubongo imamveka yachilendo komanso yosatheka sichimangoyenerera kuti ikhale gwero lotsatira chimphona chomwe chikubwera kutsogolo mu neuroscience. Koma ndili ndi chidwi kuti kumvetsetsa kwakanthawi kwamomwe zinthu zimakhalira kumapereka chidziwitso chatsopano chokhudza ubongo wathu ndi machitidwe amanjenje, ngati palibe chifukwa china, kuti kukhala ndi malingaliro ochulukirapo kumapangitsa asayansi kufunafuna mayankho modabwitsa komanso malo abwino omwe sanaganizepo zofufuzira kale.

Ndipo pamene ofufuza ayang'ana zochitika zozizwitsa ndi zodabwitsa, zozizwitsa izi, mwina, monga abale awo okodwa mu fizikiki ya tinthu, ayang'anenso!