Chifukwa Chomwe Mumaganizira Kwambiri Kuposa Anthu Ambiri

Kodi mumamva kuti mumakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi zowawa kuposa anthu ambiri? Kuti mumayankha pazokhumudwitsa mozama kwambiri komanso mwamphamvu kuposa ena ambiri? Mosadabwitsa, maziko a chodabwitsa ichi adakhazikitsidwa mu DNA yanu. Koma osati momwe mukuganizira. Khulupirirani kapena ayi, chifukwa chakumva kupweteka kumeneku kumakhaladi chifukwa chakuti anthu ochepa masiku ano ali ndi jini losiyana siyana lomwe linayambira ku Neanderthals.

Ndiko kulondola, Achi Neanderthal. Zowonadi, kwakhala kwakudziwika kwakanthawi kuti anthu adakwatirana ndi a Neanderthal tisanayese msuweni achibale athu okoma mtima, achifundo kuti atheretu chifukwa chaukali komanso kupikisana kwa Homo sapiens. Komabe, Homo neanderthalensis akadalipo mu "matupi athu" amunthu. Malinga ndi lipoti laposachedwa lofalitsidwa mu nyuzipepalayi Sayansi , pafupifupi 2.6% ya DNA mwa anthu amoyo idatengera kuchokera ku Neanderthals (Science, November, 2017).

Komanso, kafukufuku waposachedwa kwambiri mu Biology Yamakono (Seputembara, 2020) akuwonetsa kuti 0.4% ya anthu ali ndi majini a Neanderthal omwe amalimbikitsa kupititsa patsogolo kwa mitsempha ndi mibadwo munjira zopweteketsa, motero kumabweretsa kukhudzidwa kwakumva kupweteka komanso kupweteka kwambiri pagulu laling'ono lino la anthu. Mwachidule, izi zikutanthauza kuti 31.2 miliyoni mwa anthu 7.8 biliyoni apano - m'modzi mwa 250 - amamva kupweteka kwambiri kuposa anthu ambiri. Zowonadi, anthu ena amatha kuzindikira ndikumva kukula ndi kupweteka kwa ululu ngati sommelier amatha kuzindikira zovuta, zigawo, ndi zinthu zina mu vinyo wabwino.

Kuti mumvetsetse bwino za kafukufukuyu, ndizothandiza kudziwa pang'ono zakumva kupweteka, komanso momwe mitsempha yamaganizidwe imagwirira ntchito ndikuyankhira pazokhumudwitsa. Choyamba, liwu loti luso lakumvetsetsa kupweteka ndikosazindikira. Ichi ndiye chidziwitso chazomwe zimakhumudwitsa kapena zopweteka. Kuphatikiza apo, pali mitundu ingapo yazomwe zimayambitsa kupweteka: matenthedwe (kutentha ndi kuzizira), makina (kukakamiza ndi kukanikiza), ndi mankhwala (poizoni ndi poyizoni).

Kuphatikiza apo, pali mathero osinthika omwe amatchedwa nociceptors omwe amazindikira ndikuyankha pazomwe zitha kukhala zowopsa izi potumiza ma elekitirodi amagetsi m'mitsempha ya mitsempha kupita kuubongo kudzera pamtsempha wa msana. Mitsempha iyi imapangidwa ndi maselo apadera omwe asintha kuthekera kolandila, kuzindikira, kuphatikiza, kuphatikiza, ndikuyankha pazokambirana zosiyanasiyana potumiza zikwangwani zawo kuzolowera zapadera mthupi lonse. Izi zimatchedwa kuwombera mitsempha kapena kufalitsa chizindikiro chake ku ma cell ena amitsempha kapena minofu monga minofu, ma gland, dongosolo la mitsempha, ndi ziwalo.

Pamlingo wa mamolekyulu, izi ndizotheka chifukwa, atatsegulidwa, maselo amitsempha (kapena ma neuron ponena za ubongo ndi msana) amatha kusinthana ma ayoni amagetsi pamatumbo awo kudzera munjira zama mole zotchedwa ionophores (kutanthauza "chonyamulira cha ion"). Minyewa yama cell yamitsempha ikamafulumizitsa kusungunuka kwama cell a sodium (ndiye kuti, sodium yosamba m'chipindacho) ndi potaziyamu yake (monga potaziyamu womwe umakhala mkati mwa selo) zimabweretsa mafunde amagetsi omwe amafalikira pamalingaliro amitsempha (omwe nthawi zambiri amatchedwa axon) monga magetsi akuyenda pa waya. Izi zikamakwaniritsidwa pamalingaliro ake, zimayambitsa zochitika zomwe pamapeto pake zimayambitsa kuchitapo kanthu komanso / kapena kuzindikira.

Potengera kafukufuku amene watchulidwa pamwambapa, zikuwoneka kuti anthu omwe ali ndi jini la Neanderthal ali ndi ma nociceptors okhala ndi ma ionophores awo okonzeka kutsegula boma. Chifukwa chake, zoyambitsa zazing'ono kwambiri zimatha kuyambitsa ziwonetsero zamitsempha mwa anthu omwe adalandira cholowa chofanana ndi anthu omwe alibe. Kwenikweni, izi zikutanthauza kuti anthu omwe ali ndi jini la Neanderthal amamva kupweteka. Chosangalatsa ndichakuti, zawonetsedwanso kuti kupweteka kwam'maganizo kapena kwamatsenga kumayanjanitsidwa ndi zigawo zomwezo zaubongo zomwe zimayang'anira kusazindikira kwa thupi. Ngakhale kulibe deta (komabe) yolumikiza mtundu wa Neanderthal nociceptive kukulitsa kukhumudwa kwamaganizidwe, zikuwoneka kuti kafukufuku wamtsogolo awulula kulumikizana.

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Copyright 2020 Clifford N. Lazarus, Ph.D. Izi ndizongodziwitsa chabe. Sikuti cholinga chake chitha kukhala cholowa m'malo chothandizira kuchokera kwa akatswiri azaumoyo. Zotsatsa mu positiyi sizikuwonetsa malingaliro anga kapena sizivomerezedwa ndi ine.