Chenjerani ndi Munthu Wolankhula Poyera

Nchiyani chimabwera m'maganizo mwanu mukamva mawu akuti, "whistleblower"? Nthawi zambiri, liwuli limabweretsa chithunzi cha ogwira ntchito omwe amaika ntchito zawo pamoyo wawo kuti awulule zosavomerezeka kuntchito monga zachinyengo kapena nkhanza zina kaya ndizosaloledwa, zosayenera kapena zosayenera. M'mabulogu anga am'mbuyomu, ndidalemba zakukhala nawo pamsonkhano wa Sherron Watkins, yemwe anali m'modzi mwa oyimba milandu poyambitsa zonena za Enron. Zinali zosangalatsa kumva momwe Mayi Watkins adachoka pokhala pakati pa gulu la Enron, ndikuzindikira momwe Enron execs anali kugwiritsa ntchito machenjerero onyenga kukweza mtengo wa katundu wa Enron ndikugwiritsa ntchito misika yamagesi achilengedwe. Choyipa chachikulu chinali pomwe oyang'anira omwewo anali atathawa ndalama za Enron pantchito kuti athe kubweza ngongole. Nyumba yamakhadi itagwa, Enron adatsika mwamphamvu ndipo ambiri mgulu la Enron adakumana ndi nthawi yoti akhale m'ndende, pomwe antchito a Enron (kuphatikiza Watkins) adasiyidwa opanda ntchito kapena mapenshoni.

Komabe, si onse oimba malipenga ofanana. Tenga chitsanzo cha ntchito ya Matthiesen, Bjorkelo and Burke (2011), yemwe adalemba buku lotchedwa: Worklying Bullying as the Dark Side of Whistleblowing. Amapereka kufotokozera mwatsatanetsatane wa whistleblower wodzifunira komanso owimba mluzu omwe amalimbikitsidwa ndi chidwi chawo chokha. Miethe (1999) akuwonetsa kuti ngakhale ena omwe amaliza lipenga akuwoneka kuti ndiwosachita zinthu modzilemekeza, osadzipereka omwe amachitapo kanthu "modzipereka kwambiri" ena atha kutchulidwa kuti ndi "odzikonda komanso odzikuza" (omwe nthawi zambiri amatchedwa "achifwamba", "makoswe", "Moles", "finks" ndi "blabbermouths". Ndikofunikira chifukwa chake kuyang'ana pazomwe amaliza lipenga. Mwachitsanzo, amalimbikitsidwa ndi chikumbumtima chabwino kuti akonze cholakwika china kapena kuti akonze zinthu m'malo omwe mabungwe amakhala , mabungwe kapena anthu akuchita zinthu zosaloledwa, zachiwerewere kapena zosemphana ndi malamulo? Munthu amene amaliza mluzu nthawi zambiri amachita zinthu mopanda phindu kuti apindule kwambiri. Kuchita zolakwika koma kuchita izi chifukwa chadyera, kubwezera, kapena kukulitsa mwayi wopita patsogolo pantchito zamakampani? kapenanso kupanga zabodza kuti abweretse woyang'anira, CEO kapena wogwira naye ntchito ndipo atha kuchita izi mosadziwika, komabe, malinga ndi malamulo omwe analipo kale anthuwa atetezedwa kubwezeranso, monganso omwe angawulule zachinyengo kapena kuba chifukwa chamakhalidwe kapena zifukwa zopanda pake zimatetezedwa. Ambiri aife tilibe vuto ndi olembera milandu achitetezo amatetezedwa malinga ndi malamulo pomwe zifukwa zawo zili zachilungamo komanso zabwino, koma nanga bwanji za omwe amaphulitsa milandu omwe amanama ndikunamizira zambiri kuti adziyendere okha? Kodi silimodzi mwa Malamulo Khumi, "Usapereke umboni wonama motsutsana ndi mnzako"? Mwanjira ina, osanamizira anthu ena, sichoncho?

Pankhani yowomba mluzu mwachinyengo yomwe timadziwa, woyang'anira zigawo za boma yemwe adasankhidwa ndi kazembe wa boma chifukwa cha ukatswiri wake komanso zaka 20 pantchito yake adanyozedwa ndi gulu la akuluakulu aboma omwe anali atadutsa kukwezedwa pantchito. Wotsogolera pamapeto pake adakakamizidwa kusiya ntchito pomwe amamuimba mlandu wopereka ndalama kwa "abwenzi ake", pomwe kwenikweni, kupititsa patsogolo ndalama kunali kovomerezeka pakati pa omwe adamuyang'anira. Kuphatikiza ndalama zonse zomwe amapereka ndalama zimawerengedwa popanga ntchito zomanga ndi kukulitsa ntchito za pulogalamu. Mwachiyembekezo mutha kuwona kuchokera pachitsanzo ichi chifukwa chake akatswiri ambiri safuna gawo lililonse la boma kapena boma chifukwa chamitundu yabodza yomwe tinafotokoza mwachidule pamwambapa, limodzi ndi tepi yofiira yomwe imalepheretsa anthu odzipereka kuti athe kuchita bwino ndikupeza zinthu zachitika. M'malo mwake mabwana ambiri amaphunzira momwe amasewera. Chomwe chimapangitsa kuti zinthu ziipireipire ndi pamene "akunja" kuboma kapena boma la fedulo amasankhidwa kukhala olamulira popanda wogwira ntchito kuti awathandize. Nthawi zambiri sizikhala kwakanthawi ndipo uthenga womwe amadza nawo ndi "akatswiri safunika kutsatira".

Nanga tingaphunzire chiyani pankhaniyi "yoimba"? Choyamba, sikuti onse oimba malipenga ndi olimba mtima, amakhalidwe abwino komanso osakondera ngati Sherron Watkins kapena katswiri wamagetsi, a Jeff Wigand omwe adawululira zabodza zaogulitsa fodya kwa anthu zokhudzana ndi kuwopsa kwa kusuta ndudu. Sikuti onse omwe amadzudzula osadziwika omwe ali ndi zolinga zabwino. Ena akufuna kupititsa patsogolo ntchito zawo ndi nthenga zisa zawo. Pozindikira kuti ndi iti, pali malingaliro awiri: 1) kudziwa omwe amapindula ndi zomwe whistleblower akuchita ndiku 2) kutsatira ndalamazo ... mwachitsanzo. amene amapindula ndalama zambiri.

Kwa inu nonse ophunzitsidwa kunja uko, ngati mukufuna kuchotsa bwana wanu, wogwira naye ntchito kapena ngakhale CEO, pangani zabodza za iwo ndikukhala pansi ndikuwonerera zozimitsa moto. Nenani kuti akugonana ndi nkhosa kapena china chilichonse mofanana ndi chokwiyitsa chifukwa nthawi yomwe fumbi lidzakhazikike ndipo abwana anu kapena oyang'anira atamasulidwa, padzakhala ena omwe amakhulupirira zonse zomwe amawerenga munyuzipepala ndipo azingoganiza, "mwina anga bwana anali akugonana ndi nkhosa ”. Tenga chitsanzo cha kazembe wapano wa New Jersey, Chris Christie. Pakhala milandu iwiri ikuluikulu pomwe Christie adamuimbira mlandu wakusalongosoka. Choyambirira komanso chaposachedwa kwambiri ndichachinyengo cha Bridge Gate, chomwe chikungoyamba kumene kukopa. Ena amati Bridge Bridge mwina ndi yomwe idapangitsa kuti Christie asasankhidwe ngati mnzake wamu Trump. Winawo anali ndi nkhani yophwanyidwa ndi New York Times mu 2012 yomwe idati maubale a Christie pamgwirizano wamiliyoni miliyoni omwe amaperekedwa ku nyumba zapakati zolipiridwa ndi boma kwa anthu omwe akutuluka m'ndende. Nyuzipepala ya Times inati nyumba zambiri zamakolozi sizinali kuyang'aniridwa bwino ndipo zinali zachilendo kuti anthu okhala munthawiyo asachoke asanagwiritse ntchito nthawi yawo. Nthawi ina, m'modzi mwa akalewa, a David Goodell, omwe adachoka kunyumbayi, anapha bwenzi lake lakale. (Zikumveka mofanana ndi mlandu wa a Willy Horton womwe udazunza wokondedwa wa Purezidenti, a Michael Dukakis? Ambiri mpaka lero, amafunsabe chifukwa chiyani?

Kotero apa pali china choti muganizire. Chifukwa chiyani zochitika zina zosayenera, zachinyengo kapena ziphuphu zomwe amaliza lipenga sizimabweretsa kusintha kulikonse (monga momwe zimachitikira ndi Governor Christie) pomwe nthawi zina kunamiziridwa komwe kumachitika ndi anthu omwe sanatchulidweko kumatha kubweretsa anthu oyenerera kutaya ntchito. Izi zitha kupanga kafukufuku wosangalatsa kuti muwone zochitika zomwe milandu yoimba mluzu imakokerera pomwe nthawi zina imagwera m'njira.

Mafotokozedwe ndikuwerengedwa:

Ogwira Nawo Ntchito Oopsa: Momwe Mungachitire ndi Anthu Osagwira Ntchito. A. Cavaiola ndi N. Lavender.

Babiak, P. & Hare, R. D. (2006). Njoka Zovala: Ma Psychopath Akayamba Kugwira Ntchito. New York: Harper Collins.

Dolnick, Sam (2012, Juni 16). Pamene othawa akutuluka, bizinesi yamilandu imayenda bwino. New York Times.

Krugman, Paul (2012, Juni 21). Ndende, kusungidwa kwachinsinsi komanso chitetezo chamakampani. New York Times.

Matiesen, S. B., Bjorkelo, B., & Burke, R. J. (2011). Kupezerera anzawo pantchito monga mdima wa

Kuliza lipenga. Mu S. Einarsen, H. Hoel, Zapf, D. & Cooper, CL (Eds.) Kupezerera anzawo

Kuzunzidwa Kuntchito. 2 ed Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press / Taylor & Francis Group (pp 301-324).

[Adasankhidwa] Miethe, T. D. (1999). Kuimbira mimbulu kuntchito: Kusankha kovuta kuwulula zachinyengo, zinyalala ndi nkhanza pantchito. Boulder, CO: Westview Press.