Kodi Manta Rays Amagwiritsa Ntchito "Chilankhulo Chomaliza" Kulankhulana?

Zamkati

• Mfundo zazikuluzikulu
• Mitundu Yosiyanasiyana ya Manta Ray Movement
• Chifukwa Chani Manta Ray Kafukufuku Akufunika Pazosunga

Mfundo zazikuluzikulu

• Mazira a Manta ndi nyama zanzeru komanso zamagulu omwe amasonkhana ambiri kuti adye plankton ndikuyeretsedwa ndi nsomba zazing'ono zotsuka.
• Zowunikira zomwe zimasonkhanitsidwa m'malo oyeretsera zikuwonetsa ma mantas akusunthira ndikuyika zipsepse zapadera zotchedwa cephalic lobes kuloza nyama zina pamacheza.
• Asayansi akuti mayendedwe omaliza amawoneka ngati njira yolumikizirana ndi manja, monga chilankhulo chamanja chaanthu, ndipo atha kukhala gawo lofunikira pamakhalidwe awo.
• Kuphunzira zamakhalidwe abwino a mantas zitha kuthandizira pakukhazikitsa njira zachilengedwe zokhalitsa ndi ntchito zoteteza zachilengedwe.

Zofufuza zatsopano zimatulutsa kuwala kwa manta kusuntha ma lobes awo - zipsepse zosinthidwa mbali zonse za pakamwa pawo - polumikizana ndi nsomba zotsuka, wina ndi mnzake, komanso anthu osiyanasiyana. Phunzirolo, lofalitsidwa mu Khalidwe Lachilengedwe ndi Sociobiology , akuwonetsa kuti mayendedwe a cephalic lobe atha kutenga nawo gawo polumikizana ndi manja, komanso kudyetsa.

Ma lobes a cephalic ndi mawonekedwe osiyana ndi kuwala kwa manta. Zili ndi zipsepse zosunthika zomwe zili pambali pamutu makamaka potsogolera madzi (motero zooplankton) mkamwa. Monga ziwalo zosunthika, ma hydrostatic, ma lobes a cephalic amatha kuyenda mosadalirana ndikufutukuka m'njira zosiyanasiyana. Ngakhale kuti imaphunzitsidwa kudyetsa, lobes amatha kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zosiyanasiyana.

Miyala yamiyala yam'mlengalenga ( Mobula alfredi ) amasonkhana ambiri mozungulira Raja Ampat, m'chigawo cha Indonesia ku West Papua, kuti adye zooplankton ndikuyeretsedwa ndi nsomba zazing'ono. Misonkhanoyi ilinso mwayi wolumikizana. Ntchito yam'mbuyomu yochokera pagulu lofufuzirali, lomwe limaphatikizapo asayansi ochokera ku Marine Megafauna Foundation, University of Macquarie, University of Cape Town, ndi University of Papua, adawonetsa kuti miyala yamatanthwe a manta ndi nyama zokomera ena, pomwe anthu amazindikira ndikukumbukira "anzawo" komanso kupanga magulu azikhalidwe.

Ma mantas ku Raja Ampat amagwiritsidwa ntchito kupezeka kwa anthu osiyanasiyana ndipo akhoza kukhala achidwi, koma makamaka amapitiliza ndi kuyeretsa kwawo kwachilengedwe komanso chikhalidwe chawo, atero wolemba wamkulu Culum Brown waku University ya Macquarie.

"Nthawi zambiri amabwera kudzakuyang'anirani ndipo akamachita izi, amasuntha ma lobes awo a cephalic," akutero. "Zinkawoneka ngati kuti nawonso amagwiritsa ntchito zipsepazi ngati chilankhulo chamanja polonjera nyama zina."

Mitundu Yosiyanasiyana ya Manta Ray Movement

Kuchokera pakuwona komwe kudalembedwa m'malo oyeretsera ku Raja Ampat, a Brown ndi anzawo adalongosola mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mayendedwe a cephalic lobe ndi maudindo opangidwa ndi mantas m'malo osiyanasiyana.

Kusuntha kwina, monga zingwe zazing'onoting'ono zama lobe, zimachitika pafupipafupi pomwe cheza chimayang'anizana ndi munthu wina, pomwe kugundika kwa ma lobes kumalumikizidwa ndikutsatiridwa ndi ena. A Brown akuti akuwoneka kuti amagwiritsa ntchito mayendedwe amtundu wa lobe kupatsa moni ena mwinanso kuwapangitsa chidwi.

Mitundu ina yosuntha ya lobe idapangidwanso pafupipafupi mukamayanjana ndi nsomba zotsuka. Nsomba zambiri zimagwiritsa ntchito manja pofuna kupukuta ku nsomba zotsuka, chifukwa chake izi sizinadabwe ndi Brown. Anatinso chodabwitsa (komanso chachilendo) chomwe adapeza ndichakuti ma mantan amalankhulanso ndi ma lobes awo akamawayandikira anthu osiyanasiyana.

"Mwina amachita izi chifukwa chofuna kudziwa," akutero. “Mwina akuyesera kutipatsa moni? Angadziwe ndani?"

Brown ndi anzawo akunena kuti zikuwoneka kuti mantana akugwiritsa ntchito ma lobes awo kuti alumikizane; sitikudziwa kuti akunena chiyani. Zimakhalanso zovuta kuzindikira kuti ndi mayendedwe ati a lobe omwe amayenera kulumikizana ndi uthenga komanso omwe apangidwa kuti achepetse kusambira kapena kudyetsa zooplankton. Kuwonetsa kuti mayendedwe awa ndi njira yolumikizirana ndi manja, kafukufuku wamtsogolo akuyenera kufufuza momwe ma mantana ena ndi nsomba zotsuka zimayankhira zizindikirazo.

Chifukwa Chani Manta Ray Kafukufuku Akufunika Pazosunga

"Zotsatira zathu zikuwonjezera umboni wochulukirachulukira wakuti cheza cha manta ndizachilengedwe, chomwe ndi chidziwitso chofunikira pakusamalira," akutero a Robert Perryman, wolemba wamkulu wa kafukufukuyu komanso wophunzira pa udokotala ku Yunivesite ya Macquarie.

Ngakhale amatetezedwa ku Indonesia kuyambira 2014, kuwala kwa manta kukuwopsezedwabe kuphatikizapo kusodza kosaloledwa, kuwonongeka kwa nyanja, komanso kusintha kwa nyengo. Koma Perryman akuti vuto lomwe likuchulukirachulukira mwina ndi anthu omwe ali ndi zolinga zabwino omwe amangofuna kuwona mantas m'malo awo achilengedwe.

"Tiyenera kulingalira mozama za momwe alendo angakhudzire machitidwe achilengedwe a mantas, kuphatikizapo kucheza," akutero. "Manya ndi nyama zokonda chidwi komanso zotheka kufikirika komanso zolekerera kwambiri anthu, koma taziwona zikusiya kuyendera masamba ena ngati zokopa alendo zikuchulukirachulukira."

A Perryman ati pamunda wawo ku Raja Ampat, gululi lakhala likuyesa kuletsa kuchuluka kwa mabwato ndi anthu omwe ali m'madzi ndikulimbikitsa malamulo oyendetsera mayendedwe a manta. Akukhulupirira kuti kafukufuku wonga uyu amathandizanso kukulitsa chithandizo cha anthu ndi chidwi chachitetezo chawo padziko lonse lapansi.

"Kusonkhanitsa zidziwitso za machesi amacheza a anthu, makamaka m'malo omwe amakumana ndi anthu osiyanasiyana mosiyanasiyana, ndikofunikira kukhazikitsa njira zachilengedwe zokhalira ndi zachilengedwe zomwe zimalola kuti mantas azikhala limodzi ndi anthu m'malo awo achilengedwe," akutero a Perryman.

"Tikukhulupirira kuti kuwonetsa chikhalidwe cha ma manta kumawonjezera malingaliro awo ndi anthu ndikuwonetsa kuti ndi nyama zokongola komanso zovuta kuzimvetsa, zoyenera kuziteteza."