Kodi Nsanje Imayambitsa Mavuto Osakhala Pakati pa Anthu?

Ngakhale kuti nsanje imatchedwa "chilombo cha maso obiriwira," nthawi zambiri kaduka amaonedwa ngati tamer, mnzake wosalakwa. Chifukwa chake, pakhala pali kafukufuku wochepa pazotsatira zakaduka. Kafukufuku omwe alipo akuwonetsa kuti nsanje imalumikizidwa ndikuchepetsa moyo wamunthu, komabe, kafukufuku wochepa adasanthula zomwe zimachitika chifukwa chanjiru (Behler, Wall, Bos, & Green, 2020). Behler et al. (Adasankhidwa) (2020) adachita zoyeserera kuti amvetsetse ngati nsanje ingayambitse mavuto pakati pa anthu. Kuphatikiza pakuphunzira zovuta zakaduka, ofufuzawo adayang'ana kuyamika, komwe kumatha kuganiziridwa ngati chosemphana ndi kaduka kupatsidwa kuti munthu woyamikira amayamikira zomwe ali nazo kale, pomwe munthu wansanje amafuna zomwe ena ali nazo.

Phunzirani 1

Pakafukufuku woyamba, ofufuza adalemba anthu 143 omwe sanaphunzire maphunziro awo ku yunivesite ina ku East Coast ku U.S. M'malo modukidwa, ophunzira adauzidwa kuti: "Kaduka ndikumverera koipa kapena malingaliro omwe amabwera chifukwa chofunitsitsa kukhala ndi zomwe uli nazo, kukwanitsa, kapena zikhalidwe za wina" (p.3). Kenako, adalangizidwa kuti azitha mphindi 10 akulemba za nthawi yomwe adachita nsanje. Mothokoza, ophunzira adauzidwa kuti: "Kuyamika ndikumverera bwino kapena malingaliro omwe amabwera chifukwa chodziwa magwero ena abwino ndi zabwino zomwe mwalandira kuchokera kwa ena" (p.3). Mofananamo ndi kaduka, ophunzirawo adalemba za nthawi yomwe adathokoza. Pomaliza, osalowerera ndale, ophunzira adaganizira za "momwe amathandizira" ndi wogulitsa kenako adalemba zakumva kwawo.

Ntchito yolemba itatha, ophunzirawo adalumikizidwa ndi mnzake wofanana ndi amuna yemwe amakhulupirira kuti amaliza ntchito ina. Mnzanga wa amuna kapena akazi okhaokha adasankhidwa ngati anthu nthawi zambiri amadzifanizira ndi omwe ali ofanana nawo. Mnzakeyu anali mnzake wophunzitsidwa bwino yemwe "mwangozi" adagwetsa kapu ya mapensulo 30 pomwe woyesererayo anali kunja kwa chipinda. Kenako wogwirizira uja adatenga mapensulo pang'onopang'ono ndikulemba mapensulo angati omwe ophunzirawo adawathandiza kutenga.

Ofufuzawo adapeza kuti omwe adakopeka ndi kaduka adatenga mapensulo ochepa (10.36 pafupifupi) poyerekeza ndi omwe ali othokoza (mapensulo a 13.50 pafupifupi) kapena osalowererapo (mapensulo a 13.48 pafupifupi). Pakadali pano, omwe anali othokoza komanso osalowerera ndale sanasiyane ndi mapensulo omwe anatola.

Phunzirani 2

Mu Phunziro 2, ofufuzawo adafuna kuti amvetsetse ngati nsanje ingayambitse mavuto m'malo mongokhala osafuna kuthandiza. Chitsanzo cha mitundu 127 ya ophunzira ochokera ku yunivesite yomweyo monga mu Study 1 adalowa mu labotore ndipo adapatsidwa gawo limodzi mwanjira zitatu izi: kaduka, kuyamikira, kapena kusalowerera ndale. Pofuna kulimbikitsa izi, ofufuzawo adagwiritsa ntchito zolemba zomwezo mu Phunziro 1 pokhapokha. Chifukwa chokhudzidwa ndi zomwe wogulitsa angapangitse chidwi, ophunzira omwe salowerera ndale adapemphedwa kuti azisunga chipinda chomwe adalimo ndikulemba za izi.

Pambuyo pake, ophunzirawo adamaliza kusintha kwa Tangram Help Hurt Task (Saleem et al., 2015), masewera osangalatsa omwe ophunzira atha kuthandiza kapena kuvulaza anzawo. Poterepa, ophunzira adauzidwa kuti iwowo ndi mnzawoyo asankha ma puzzles, osiyanasiyana mosiyanasiyana, wina ndi mnzake. Adadziwitsidwanso kuti ngati onse atamaliza malembedwe onse mu mphindi 10, aliyense alandila owonjezera .25 amalandila ngongole. Komabe, ngati alephera kumaliza masamu mu mphindi 10, m'modzi yekha, wothamanga kwambiri, amalandila ngongole yowonjezera. Munthuyu alandila .5 zowonjezera zowonjezera ngongole.

Kafukufuku akuwonetsa kuti omwe atenga nawo mbali omwe adachita nsanje anali othekera kuposa omwe sanalowerere ndale kapena othokoza kuti azipereka zovuta kwa mnzake. Omwe ali ndi kaduka adanenanso zakufunitsitsa kuvulaza mnzake (mwachitsanzo, cholinga chovutikira kuti alandire) poyerekeza ndi omwe salowerera ndale. Mosiyana ndi ziyembekezo, panalibe kusiyana pakufuna kuvulaza iwo omwe ali ndi kaduka motsutsana ndi mikhalidwe yoyamika. Chodabwitsa, panalibe kusiyana pakati pa magulu atatuwa pakufunitsitsa kuthandizira mnzake kapena kugawa masamu osavuta kwa mnzake. Ofufuzawo akuti kusoweka kwa kusiyana kwamakhalidwe azikhalidwe mwina kumachitika chifukwa cha mpikisano womwe udachitika.

Zotsatira

Kuphatikiza pamodzi, zomwe apezazi zikuwonetsa kuti nsanje imatha kupangitsa kuti anthu azingopewa kuthandiza anzawo komanso kuvulaza ena. Chofunika kwambiri, zotsatira zoyipa zomwe zimachitika pakati pa anthu zimafikira iwo omwe siomwe amapangidwira nsanje. Phunziroli, omwe atenga nawo mbali avulaza (kapena sanathandize) mlendo kwathunthu chifukwa chakusilira.

Kafukufukuyu adapezanso mosayembekezereka kuti kuyambitsa kuyamika sikunalimbikitse mayendedwe amakono kapena kuchepetsa machitidwe osafunikira poyerekeza ndi kusalowerera ndale. Ofufuzawo anena kuti kusanthula kwaposachedwa kwa meta (mwachitsanzo, Dickens, 2017) awunikiranso kuti ngakhale njira zoyamikirira zitha kupangitsa kuti munthu akhale ndi zabwino, sizingathandize kuyanjana pakati pa anthu. Ofufuzawo akuti m'malo mwake, ntchito zovomereza, zomwe munthu angawunikire pazofunikira zomwe zili zofunika kwambiri kwa iwo, zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kuti anthu asamve nsanje.