Pezani Zomwe Zimakupangitsani Kukankhira

Zamkati

• Makhalidwe Ofunika
• Zoona Zokhudza Kusokonezeka Kwa Umunthu

Ngati munafunsidwapo funso lakuti "Nchiyani chimakupangitsani kukayikira?" mwina zidakuvutani kuyankha kuposa momwe mumaganizira. Kupatula apo, ngati simukudziwa, ndani akudziwa? Chifukwa chomwe funsoli ndi lovuta kuyankha ndikuti nthawi zambiri sitimaganizira zamaganizidwe athu, malingaliro athu, ndi machitidwe athu. Mukamaphunzira zamalingaliro akulu a psychology, mudzazindikira nokha chifukwa chake mumachita zomwe mumachita komanso momwe mungasinthire, ngati mukufuna.

Mutha kuganiza kuti psychology idasankha kalekale momwe angatanthauzire umunthu. Kupatula apo, ichi ndi chimodzi mwazinthu zoyambirira zomwe akatswiri azama psychology amaphunzira. Zikukhalira kuti pali matanthauzidwe ambiri amunthu momwe pali akatswiri azamisala. Kuchokera kwa a Freudian kupita kwa a Skinnerians, ndi zonse zomwe zili pakati, akatswiri amisala amapereka matanthauzidwe omwe amawonetsa nzeru zawo zoyambira pazikhalidwe za umunthu.

Ngati simukupatsidwa mwayi wotsutsana ndi filosofi ndipo mukufuna kudziwa momwe mungadzimvetsere, pali chiyembekezo. Akatswiri ambiri amisala amavomereza tanthauzo la umunthu kuti liwatsogolere pantchito zawo, kafukufuku, ngakhale m'moyo wawo, umunthuwo ndimikhalidwe yamunthu momwe akumvera kapena momwe amakhalira. Akatswiri amisala osiyanasiyana amagogomezera momwe akumvera, machitidwe, ndi zifukwa zomwe anthu amamverera ndikuchita m'njira zina. Komabe, akatswiri onse amisala amawona umunthu ngati mawonekedwe a munthuyo, kutanthauza kuti ndiye maziko azosiyana pakati pa munthu ndi munthu.

Kupitilira ndi tanthauzo loyambali, tiyeni tiwone zomwe mungaphunzire kuchokera kwa anzeru kwambiri pama psychology.

Ma psychodynamics a umunthu

Chitsogozo chilichonse chofunikira pa umunthu chiyenera kuyamba ndi Freud, yemwe amadziwika kuti adazindikira malingaliro. Malinga ndi a Freud, umunthu wanu umawonetsa kulumikizana kovuta pakati pamaganizidwe osazindikira pamene mukukumana ndi zovuta pamoyo wanu. Tonsefe timayang'aniridwa ndi zofunikira kwambiri zomwe sitidziwa, Freud amakhulupirira. Timagwiritsa ntchito miyoyo yathu kuyesa kukwaniritsa zosowazi pomwe, nthawi yomweyo, timapitiliza ndi maubale athu ndi ntchito zathu ("chikondi ndi ntchito," monga Freud anganene).

Ngakhale akatswiri azamisili masiku ano sagula malingaliro onse a Freud, amavomereza (zocheperako kapena pang'ono) kuti china chake ngati njira zodzitetezera chimatsogolera machitidwe athu. Kuti tidziteteze ku nkhawa, timamanga makhoma otetezera omwe amateteza malingaliro athu kuzindikira malingaliro athu osafunikira ndi malingaliro athu.

Lingaliro la Freud linapangitsanso njira kwa akatswiri a zamaganizidwe amtsogolo kuti amvetsetse za "mitundu" ya umunthu monga wolowerera, wotsutsa, komanso wamanjenje. Chodabwitsa ndichakuti, ngakhale timaganiza za lingaliro la psychodynamic monga kutsindika zikhalidwe zobadwa nazo (monga zoyendetsa zogonana), a Freudians ndi neo-Freudians adalimbikitsidwa kusamalira kuposa chilengedwe chomwe chimalimbikitsa chitukuko. Mwachitsanzo, ma narcissist amadzikonda kwambiri chifukwa chokhala ndi chidwi chochulukirapo kapena chochepa kwambiri kuchokera kwa makolo awo.

Anzake angapo oyandikana nawo pamapeto pake adapanga mtundu wa Freudian Brat Pack ndipo adasiya kumangoganiza zogonana komanso zikhalidwe zina zoyambirira. Mmodzi mwa odziwika kwambiri anali Carl Jung, yemwe adatenga zina mwa malingaliro a Freud ndikuzigwiritsa ntchito kuti apange mtundu wake wamakhalidwe oyambira. Ndi Jung yemwe adatipatsa mawu akuti "introvert" ndi "extravert" monga timawamvera lero. Jung adatsindikanso gawo lakuya la malingaliro lomwe limafala kwa anthu onse. Amakhulupirira kuti tonse tili ndi "archetypes" zomwe ndizoyenera kuyankha pamitu ina yachilengedwe. Umodzi mwamitu yotere ndi "ngwazi" yomwe, malinga ndi Jung, imatsegulidwa tikamayankha anthu odziwika bwino monga Batman, Superman, kapena ngakhale Yesu Khristu. Timakopeka ndi otchulidwa chifukwa zithunzizi zidalembedwa m'malingaliro athu osazindikira.

Chofunikira ndichakuti lingaliro la psychodynamic limatsindika magawo amalingaliro anu omwe amakukhudzani tsiku ndi tsiku, kupitilira mkati mwanu kunja kwa kuzindikira kwanu.

Makhalidwe monga gulu la machitidwe

Malingaliro amakhalidwe abwino amati tisakhale ndi "umunthu." Malinga ndi chiphunzitso chamakhalidwe omwe adafotokozedwa ndi m'modzi mwa omwe adayambitsa, BF Skinner, timayankha pazochitika m'moyo wathu watsiku ndi tsiku pamakhalidwe omwe tili nawo.Makhalidwe athu, malinga ndi omwe amachita, sizongokhala njira zingapo zoyankhira zomwe taphunzira pakulimbitsa ndi kukhazikitsa.

Makhalidwe anu apadera, malinga ndi omwe amachita, zimawonetsa zokumana nazo zambiri kuyambira pomwe mudabadwa mpaka pano. Nkhani yabwino ndiyakuti ngati simukukonda umunthu wanu, ochita zamakhalidwe amakhulupirira kuti mutha kusintha mwa kukonzanso zikhalidwe zomwe zimakukhudzani. Makhalidwe abwino ndi omwe ali ndi chiyembekezo chambiri, m'njira zambiri, zakusintha kwa umunthu.

Makhalidwe Ofunika

Zoona Zokhudza Kusokonezeka Kwa Umunthu