Mary Parker Follett: Wambiri Ya Gulu La Akatswiri Amaganizo

Zamkati

• Wofufuzirayu anali mpainiya pakuthana ndi kuthetsa mikangano.
• Mbiri ya Mary Parker Follet: mpainiya wamaganizidwe a bungwe
• Maphunziro ku Radcliffe College
• Kulowererapo kwa anthu mdera losiyanasiyana
• Ntchito zazikulu
• 1. Mphamvu ndi mphamvu mu ndale
• 2. Njira yolumikizira
• 3. Zochitika pakupanga
• 4. Kuthetsa kusamvana

Wofufuzirayu anali mpainiya pakuthana ndi kuthetsa mikangano.

Mary Parker Follet (1868-1933) anali katswiri wazamaganizidwe ophunzirira utsogoleri, zokambirana, mphamvu, ndi mikangano. Anagwiranso ntchito zingapo pa demokalase ndipo amadziwika kuti mayi wa "oyang'anira" kapena oyang'anira amakono.

M'nkhaniyi tiona mwachidule mbiri ya Mary Parker Follet, yemwe moyo wake umatilola kuyambitsa zopumira kawiri: mbali imodzi, ndikuphwanya nthano kuti psychology idachitidwa popanda kutenga nawo gawo azimayi, komanso mbali inayo, yokhudza ubale wamafakitale ndi kasamalidwe kazandale komwe amapangidwanso amuna okha.

Mbiri ya Mary Parker Follet: mpainiya wamaganizidwe a bungwe

Mary Parket Follet adabadwa mu 1868 m'banja lachiprotestanti ku Massachusetts, United States. Ali ndi zaka 12, adayamba maphunziro ku Thayer Academy, malo omwe anali atangotsegukira azimayi koma omwe adamangidwa ndi cholinga cholimbikitsa maphunziro makamaka kwa amuna kapena akazi okhaokha.

Polimbikitsidwa ndi aphunzitsi ake komanso abwenzi ake a Anna Bouton Thompson, Parker Follet adachita chidwi kwambiri pakuphunzira ndikugwiritsa ntchito njira zasayansi pakufufuza. Nthawi yomweyo, idamangidwa nzeru zake pamalingaliro omwe makampani ayenera kutsatira munthawi yazikhalidwe zamasiku ano.

Kupyolera mu mfundozi, adasamalira kwambiri zinthu monga kuwonetsetsa kuti ogwira ntchito ali ndi moyo wathanzi, kuyamikira kuyesetsa kwa anthu onse komanso kulimbikitsana.

Lero lomaliza likuwoneka ngati lodziwikiratu, ngakhale silimaganiziridwa nthawi zonse. Koma, pakuwuka kwa Taylorism (kugawa ntchito pakupanga, zomwe zimapangitsa kudzipatula kwa ogwira ntchito), pamodzi ndi misonkhano yama Fordist yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito m'mabungwe (kutsogola kwa akatswiri ndi maunyolo amisonkhano omwe amalola kutulutsa zambiri nthawi yocheperako), Malingaliro a Mary Parker ndi kusintha komwe adapanga ndi Taylorism palokha zinali zatsopano kwambiri.

Maphunziro ku Radcliffe College

Mary Parker Follet adakhazikitsidwa mu "Annex" ya Harvard University (pambuyo pake Radcliffe College), yomwe inali malo opangidwa ndi yunivesite yomweyo ndipo cholinga chake chinali cha ophunzira achikazi, omwe sanawoneke kuti angathe kulandira maphunziro apamwamba. Zomwe adalandira, komabe, anali makalasi ndi aphunzitsi omwewo omwe amaphunzitsa anyamatawo. Poterepa, a Mary Parker adakumana, pakati pa ophunzira ena, a William James, wama psychology komanso wafilosofi yemwe adakhudza kwambiri pragmatism ndikugwiritsa ntchito psychology.

Otsatirawa amafuna kuti psychology ikhale nayo ntchito yothandiza pamoyo ndi kuthetsa mavuto.

Kulowererapo kwa anthu mdera losiyanasiyana

Amayi ambiri, ngakhale adaphunzitsidwa ngati ofufuza ndi asayansi, adapeza mipata yochulukirapo pakukula kwamaluso mu psychology yothandizidwa. Zinali choncho chifukwa malo omwe ma psychology oyesera amachitikira anali osungira amuna okhaokha, omwe nawonso anali malo okhala nawo. Njira yodzipatula idakhala pakati pazotsatira zake pang'onopang'ono kuphatikiza psychology yogwiritsidwa ntchito pazinthu zachikazi.

Kuchokera ku 1900, komanso kwa zaka 25, a Mary Parker Follet adagwirako ntchito m'malo azikhalidwe ku Boston, m'malo ena adachita nawo Roxbury Debate Club, malo omwe maphunziro andale amaphunzitsidwa kwa achinyamata ozungulira nkhani yolekanitsidwa kwambiri ndi alendo.

Lingaliro la Mary Parker Follet linali ndi chikhalidwe chokhazikika pakati pa magulu osiyanasiyana, kudzera momwe adakwanitsira kuphatikiza ndikulankhulana ndi mafunde osiyanasiyana, onse kuchokera pama psychology komanso ku sociology ndi filosofi. Kuchokera pa izi adatha kukhala ndi ambiri Ntchito zatsopano sizongokhala katswiri wamaganizidwe abungwe, komanso malingaliro azama demokalase. Wachiwiriyu adamulola kuti azigwira ntchito ngati mlangizi wofunikira kuzipatala ndi azachuma, andale komanso amalonda. Komabe, ndikupatsidwa kufupika kwa psychology yabwino kwambiri, kuphatikiza izi kudachititsanso zovuta zosiyanasiyana kuti ziwonedwe kapena kuzindikirika ngati "katswiri wama psychology".

Ntchito zazikulu

Malingaliro opangidwa ndi Mary Parker Follet akhala yothandiza pakukhazikitsa mfundo zingapo za kasamalidwe amakono. Mwa zina, malingaliro ake amasiyanitsa mphamvu "ndi" ndi "mphamvu" pa "; kutenga nawo mbali ndikukopa m'magulu; ndi njira yolumikizira zokambirana, zonsezi zidatengedwa pambuyo pake ndi gawo labwino lazogwirizana zamabungwe.

Mikwingwirima yotakata tidzakhazikitsa gawo laling'ono la Mary Parker Follet.

1. Mphamvu ndi mphamvu mu ndale

M'malo omwewo a Radcliffe College, a Mary Parker Follett adaphunzitsidwa m'mbiri komanso sayansi yandale limodzi ndi Albert Bushnell Hart, yemwe adadziwa bwino za chitukuko cha kafukufuku wasayansi. Anamaliza maphunziro a summa cum laude kuchokera ku Radcliffe ndipo adalemba chiphunzitso chomwe adayamikiridwa ndi Purezidenti wakale wa US Theodore Roosevelt poganizira ntchito yowunika ya Mary Parker Foller pamalingaliro amachitidwe a Congress ya US ofunika.

Muntchitoyi adasanthula mosamala njira zamalamulo ndi machitidwe amphamvu amphamvu ndi chisonkhezero, popanga zolemba zamisonkhanoyi, komanso kuphatikiza zikalata ndi zoyankhulana ndi apurezidenti a United States House of Representatives . . Zipatso za ntchitoyi ndi buku lotchedwa Wapampando wanyumba yamalamulo (lotanthauziridwa kuti The Spika wa Congress).

2. Njira yolumikizira

M'buku lake lina, The New State: Group Organisation, chomwe chinali chipatso cha luso lake komanso ntchito zantchito, Parker Follet adateteza kukhazikitsidwa kwa "njira zophatikizira" zomwe zimatha kulimbikitsa boma la demokalase kunja kwa mphamvu zamaboma.

Anatetezanso kuti kupatukana pakati pa munthuyo ndi gulu sizongopeka chabe, zomwe ndizofunikira kuphunzira "magulu" osati "unyinji", komanso kufunafuna kuphatikiza kwa kusiyana. Mwanjira iyi, iye idathandizira lingaliro la "andale" lomwe limakhudzanso zomwe munthu akuchita, ndichifukwa chake titha kuonedwa kuti ndi m'modzi mwa omwe amatsogola m'mafilosofi azachikazi amakono kwambiri (Domínguez & García, 2005).

3. Zochitika pakupanga

Zochitika Zachilengedwe, kuyambira 1924, ndi ena mwa akuluakulu ake. Mwakutero, amamvetsetsa "luso lakapangidwe" monga mawonekedwe omwe amatenga nawo gawo pazomwe amapanga, pomwe msonkhano ndi kulimbana ndi zofuna zosiyanasiyana ndizofunikanso. Mwa zina, Follett akufotokoza kuti machitidwe si ubale wa "mutu" wogwira "chinthu" kapena mosemphanitsa (lingaliro lomwe amawona kuti ndi loyenera kusiya), koma gulu la zochitika zomwe zimapezeka ndikugwirizana.

Kuchokera pamenepo, adasanthula momwe zimakhudzira chikhalidwe cha anthu, ndipo adadzudzula kupatukana kwakukulu pakati pa "kuganiza" ndi "kuchita" komwe kumagwiritsidwa ntchito pazinthu zowunikira. Njira yomwe imanyalanyazidwa nthawi zambiri mukaganizira kuti lingaliro lokhalo limadzipangitsa kuti lizitsimikizika. Adafunsanso njira zothetsera mavuto omwe sukulu ya pragmatism idachita.

4. Kuthetsa kusamvana

Domínguez ndi García (2005) amatchula zinthu ziwiri zofunika kwambiri zomwe zimafotokoza nkhani ya Follet yothanirana ndi zomwe zikuyimira chitsogozo chatsopano mdziko lamabungwe: mbali imodzi, malingaliro okambirana pamgwirizano, komanso mbali inayo, ndondomeko yothetsera kusamvana kudzera pakuphatikizika.

Umu ndi momwe njira zophatikizira zomwe a Parker Follet amaphatikizira, komanso kusiyanitsa komwe amakhazikitsa pakati pa "mphamvu-ndi" ndi "kulamulira", ndi zina mwazinthu zofunikira kwambiri m'malingaliro osiyanasiyana omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kudziko lamasiku ano, chifukwa cha Mwachitsanzo, "kupambana-kupambana" pakuwongolera kusamvana kapena kufunikira kovomereza ndikuyamikira kusiyanasiyana.