Matenda amisala mu ASD: Kuyang'ana pa Schizophrenia

Posachedwa ndidawerenga nkhani yayikulu yokhudza nkhani zamagulu amisala okhudzana ndi matenda amisala mwa akulu omwe ali ndi autism (ASD) komanso chidwi cha kuchepa kwa chidwi (ADHD). Nkhaniyi inali kufotokozera mwachidule pepala laposachedwa ndi ofufuza aku Norway omwe adasindikiza mu Biological Psychiatry.

Ofufuzawo adasanthula zolembedwa za anthu akulu akulu aku Norway a 1.7 miliyoni - ena omwe adapezeka ndi ASD, ena ali ndi ADHD, ena ali ndi ASD ndi ADHD, pomwe ena alibe ASD kapena ADHD. Cholinga chake chinali kumvetsetsa bwino mitundu yamavuto amisala (matenda omwe amapezeka) mwa akulu omwe ali ndi ASD, ADHD, kapena onse awiri. Makamaka, ofufuza adayang'ana kwambiri izi:

Ponseponse, matenda amisala okhudzana ndi matenda amisala anali pakati pa 2-14 nthawi zambiri mwa akulu omwe ali ndi ADHD ndi / kapena ASD poyerekeza ndi achikulire omwe alibe matenda. Mitundu yamatenda am'magazi amomwe amasiyana kwambiri pakati pamagulu. Matenda a bipolar, kusokonezeka kwakukulu, kusokonezeka kwa umunthu, ndi zovuta zogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ndizofala kwambiri kwa achikulire omwe ali ndi ADHD kuposa achikulire omwe ali ndi ASD. Komabe, achikulire omwe ali ndi ASD anali otheka kwambiri kukhala ndi schizophrenia kuposa achikulire omwe ali ndi ADHD. M'malo mwake, achikulire omwe ali ndi ASD anali ndi mwayi wambiri wopeza schizophrenia kuposa achikulire omwe ali ponseponse (akulu omwe ali ndi ADHD anali ndi mwayi wambiri wopeza schizophrenia kuposa achikulire).

Ndimachita chidwi kwambiri ndi zomwe zapezazi zokhudzana ndi schizophrenia ndi ASD potengera mbiri yazikhalidwe ziwirizi ndikumvetsetsa kwathu momwe zimakhalira. M'mbuyomu, ASD ndi schizophrenia zimawerengedwa kuti ndi chikhalidwe chimodzi, ndipo mawu oti "autism" adagwiritsidwa ntchito mofananira ndi schizophrenia mpaka ma 1970. Kuzindikira nthawi zonse kumakhala 20/20, chifukwa chake ndikosavuta kuchotsa malingaliro athu am'mbuyomu okhudzana ndi izi sizikugwiranso ntchito. Komabe, maphunziro ngati omwe ali pamwambapa akuwonetsa mfundo yofunika yokhudza ASD ndi schizophrenia yomwe yakhala ikudziwika bwino pazaka 10 zapitazi: zinthu ziwirizi zikuwoneka kuti zikugawana zofananira.

Izi zodziwika zimawonedwa mwamakhalidwe, ndikuchita kafukufuku wamajini ndi ubongo.

Makhalidwe, onsewa amagawana zovuta ndimacheza komanso kubwererana. Anthu omwe ali ndi ASD omwe amavutika kukambirana mobwerezabwereza ndi ena nthawi zambiri amalingaliridwa kuti "ali ndi vuto lalikulu", lomwe limadziwika kuti schizophrenia.

Pankhani ya chibadwa, pali umboni woti ungakhale wololera pakati zovuta. R esearch yapeza umboni kuti ana ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu cha ASD ngati ali ndi kholo lomwe lili ndi schizophrenia. Ndiye kuti, matenda a schizophrenia mwa kholo amachulukitsa chiopsezo cha ASD mwa ana.

Kafukufuku wa Neuroscience awonetsa kuti magulu onse awiriwa amawonetsa kusunthika kwa kotekisi yoyang'ana poyang'ana nkhope komanso popanga malingaliro amisala. Izi zikuwonetsa kufanana pakati pazikhalidwe ziwirizi momwe ubongo umakhudzira zomwe zimakhudza chikhalidwe cha anthu. Izi ndizosangalatsa makamaka poganizira momwe machitidwe amagwirira ntchito ndi ovuta kumagulu onse awiriwa.

Kachipatala, ndizovuta kudziwa kuti schizophrenia mu ASD, kapena ASD mu schizophrenia. Wachipatala amayenera kufunsa mafunso ndikuyesera kuti asasokoneze zomwe zimatchedwa kuti schizophrenia (kuchotsa, kusunthika, kusalankhula bwino) kuzizindikiro zokhudzana ndi ASD.

Matendawa ndi ofunika kwambiri makamaka kwa achinyamata omwe ali ndi ASD omwe angakhale akudwala matenda a maganizo kwa nthawi yoyamba, ndipo amafunikira chithandizo mwachangu. Tsoka ilo, zizindikiro zomwe zimawonetsa gawo loyamba la psychotic nthawi zina zimanyalanyazidwa kwa achikulire omwe ali ndi ASD ngati madotolo ndi omwe akuwasamalira akuganiza kuti zizindikirazo ndi gawo la ASD. Tawona zochitika zingapo ngati izi kuchipatala, ndikuchedwetsa chithandizo kwa achinyamata omwe akukumana ndi zizindikilo zoyambirira zama psychosis zimakhudza zotsatira zazitali.

Ponseponse, zikuwonekeratu kuti kufanana ndi kulumikizana pakati pazikhalidwe ziwirizi sikunganyalanyazidwe, ndipo sikuyenera kutengedwa ngati lingaliro lachikale. Pali chosowa china choyenera chofunsidwa bwino komanso molondola kuti athe kupeza schizophrenia mu ASD, kapena ASD mwa iwo omwe ali ndi schizophrenia, chifukwa izi zithandizira kusintha zotsatira za anthu omwe ali ndi mikhalidwe imeneyi.

Sugranyes G, Kyriakopoulos M, Corrigall R, Taylor E, Frangou S (2011) Zoyeserera za Autism ndi schizophrenia: kusanthula meta kwa ma neural correlates azidziwitso zachitukuko. PLoS Mmodzi 6 (10): e25322

Chisholm, K., Lin, A., & Armando, M. (2016). Matenda a Schizophrenia spectrum ndi matenda a autism spectrum. Mu Zizindikiro Za Psychiatric ndi Comorbidities mu Autism Spectrum Disorder (pp. 51-66). Mphukira, Cham.

Solberg BS et al. Chiwawa. Psychiatry Epub patsogolo pa kusindikiza (2019)