Kulimbana Kwachipembedzo ndi Zauzimu Pamavuto

Marian Fontana anali ndi moyo wabwino. Anali atakwatirana mosangalala ndi amuna awo, Dave, kwa zaka 17, ndipo anali ndi mwana wamwamuna wachichepere. Marian ankakonda “kukambirana ndi Mulungu” pafupipafupi. Monga gawo labwinobwino pamoyo wake watsiku ndi tsiku, amayamika Mulungu pazonse zomwe zimayenda bwino ndikupempha Mulungu kuti adalitse ena omwe akusowa thandizo.

Kenako kunabwera September 11, 2001.

Marian ataona World Trade Center ikuphwanyika pa TV, adadziwa kuti moyo wake nawonso ukusokonekera. Dave anali wozimitsa moto ku New York yemwe adaitanidwa kuti adzafike. Atazindikira kuti amwalira, kuyankha kwake koyamba kunali kuyendayenda mu tchalitchi chilichonse chakomwe amakhala kuti akapemphere ndikupemphera ndikupempherera moyo wa Dave. Koma, pempheroli silinayankhidwe.

Pambuyo pa miyezi ingapo yachisoni, Marian adayambiranso kuwona kukongola. Komabe, moyo wake wauzimu unali wosiyana. Momwe amagawana nawo zolemba za PBS, "Chikhulupiriro ndi Kukayika Pazaka Zero:"

"Sindinakhulupirire kuti Mulungu amene ndalankhula naye m'njira yanga kwa zaka 35 atha ... kusintha munthu wokondedwayo kukhala mafupa. Ndipo ndikuganiza ndipamene ndimamverera kuti chikhulupiriro changa chafooka kwambiri ... Zolankhula zanga ndi Mulungu zomwe ndidali nazo, ndilibenso ... Tsopano sindingathe kudzilankhulitsa ndekha kuti ndiyankhule naye ... chifukwa Ndikumva kuti ndasiyidwa ... ”

Zaka zingapo pambuyo pake, Marian akuchita bwino. Adalemba chikumbutso chokhudza zomwe adakumana nazo ("Kuyenda kwa Mkazi Wamasiye"), ndipo akuti sanakwiye kwambiri. Komabe, monga adanenera pocheza ndi PBS patatha zaka 10 Dave atamwalira, "[sindimayankhulabe] ndi Mulungu monga kale."

Chochitika chovuta pamoyo wotayika wokondedwa chimatha kugwira ntchito ngati mbiya m'miyoyo yachipembedzo kapena yauzimu ya anthu ambiri. Kwa ena, kupembedza kapena uzimu kumatha kukula - kuyengedwa kapena kuzama poyesedwa. Kwa ena, monga Marian, chipembedzo kapena uzimu zitha kutsika kwambiri.

Gulu la asayansi yamaganizidwe otsogozedwa ndi a Julie Exline ku Case Western Reserve University ayamba kufufuza zomwe zimachitika nthawi yankhondo kapena zachipembedzo. Chochititsa chidwi, m'maphunziro angapo , gulu lofufuzirali lapeza kuti 44 mpaka 72% ya omwe akuchita nawo kafukufuku omwe akuwonetsa kukhulupirira kuti kulibe Mulungu kapena kukhulupirira kuti kulibe Mulungu amanena kuti kusakhulupirira kwawo, pamlingo winawake, kumachitika chifukwa cha ubale kapena malingaliro (ndi magawo osiyanasiyana pazitsanzo ndi njira) .

( Dinani apa kuti mumve zambiri pazomwe zipembedzo ndi uzimu zikuchepa ku United States, komanso zifukwa zina zachikhalidwe.)

Chimodzi mwazinthu zomwe zingapangitse anthu kusintha malingaliro achipembedzo kapena auzimu panthawi yamavuto ndi zomwe amakhulupirira kale za Mulungu. Posachedwa, Exline ndi gulu lake adafalitsa kafukufuku wosonyeza kuti anthu omwe ali ndi malingaliro osalimbikitsa okhudza Mulungu atha kuchepa pakakhala zochitika zachipembedzo komanso zauzimu pambuyo pamavuto. Makamaka, iwo omwe amavomereza zikhulupiriro zomwe Mulungu amayambitsa, amalola, kapena sangapewe kuvutika nthawi zambiri amatha.

Marian Fontana ndi chitsanzo cha izi. Chifukwa cha chisoni chake, sanathe kuyanjanitsa kukongola komwe amamuwona pomuganizira kuti Mulungu ndi amene amachititsa kuti mwamuna wake wokondedwayo akhale "mafupa". Chifukwa cha izi, ndizomveka kuti wataya chidwi chokhala "ndi Mulungu".

Inde, anthu amasiyanasiyana m'machitidwe momwe amavutikira pakagwa tsoka.

Pofuna kufotokozeranso zamphamvuzi, munkhani ina, Exline ndi anzawo adasiyanitsa njira zitatu zomwe anthu "amatsutsira" Mulungu panthawi yamavuto. Zotsutsa izi zitha kupezeka popitilira, kuyambira pakuwonetsetsa (mwachitsanzo, kufunsa mafunso ndi kudandaula kwa Mulungu) mpaka malingaliro olakwika (mwachitsanzo, kukwiya ndikukhumudwitsidwa ndi Mulungu) kusiya njira (mwachitsanzo, kusunga mkwiyo, kukana Mulungu, kutha ubale).

Mwachitsanzo, m'buku langa lodziwika bwino, "Night," wopambana mphoto ya Nobel Peace Prize, a Elie Wiesel, adafotokoza mwatsatanetsatane zina mwazolimbana zake ndi Mulungu panthawi yomwe adatengedwa ukapolo ndi a Nazi. M'ndime yotchuka kwambiri m'bukuli, Wiesel adalemba zomwe adachita atangofika ku Auschwitz:

“Sindidzaiwala usiku wonsewo, usiku woyamba kumsasa, womwe wasintha moyo wanga kukhala usiku umodzi wokha, watembereredwa kasanu ndi kawiri ndikusindikizidwa kasanu ndi kawiri. Sindidzaiwala utsi uwo. Sindidzaiwala konse nkhope zazing'ono za ana, omwe matupi awo ndidawawona asandulika nkhata za utsi pansi pa thambo lamtambo lamtendere. Sindidzaiwala konse moto womwe udawononga chikhulupiriro changa kwamuyaya. ”

M'mavesi ena, Wiesel anafotokoza moona mtima mkwiyo wake wina kwa Mulungu chifukwa chololera kuzunzika uku. Mwachitsanzo, pa Yom Kippur, Tsiku la Chitetezo pomwe Ayuda amasala kudya, Wiesel adati:

"Sindinasale ... sindinalandiranso chete kwa Mulungu. Momwe ndimamezera msuzi wanga, ndidawusandutsa chizindikiro choukira, chotsutsa Iye. ”

Zaka makumi angapo pambuyo pake, pa wailesi yake, "On Being," Krista Tippett adafunsa Wiesel zomwe zidachitika chikhulupiriro chake zaka zotsatira. Wiesel adayankha mosangalatsa:

“Ndinapitiliza kupemphera. Chifukwa chake ndalankhula mawu owopsawa, ndipo ndimayimilira mawu aliwonse amene ndanena. Koma pambuyo pake, ndinapemphera ... sindinakayikire zoti kuli Mulungu. ”

Inde, Ayuda ambiri — komanso azungu ambiri — adakana kukhulupirira Mulungu pambuyo pa kuphedwa kwa Nazi. Monga Marian Fontana, ndizomveka kuti sanayanjanitse kukhulupirira Mulungu wamphamvuyonse, wachikondi ndi kuvutika kwakukulu komwe kunachitika. Mosiyana ndi izi, a Elie Wiesel adamfunsa mafunso Mulungu ndipo adakwiya kwambiri ndi Mulungu, koma sanatulukemo.

Kwa anthu omwe akufuna kukhalabe paubwenzi ndi Mulungu, zitha kukhala zothandiza kwambiri kuzindikira ziwonetserozi osatuluka. M'nkhani yawo pamutuwu, Exline ndi anzawo akuwonjezera kuthekera uku:

"Kutha kusiyanitsa pakati pamakhalidwe otuluka (omwe nthawi zambiri amawononga maubale) ndi mayendedwe olimba mtima (omwe atha kuthandiza maubwenzi) atha kukhala ofunikira ... ... Ena ... anthu atha ... [kukhulupirira] kuti yankho lokhalo loyenera ku mkwiyo wotere [ndi] kudzipatula kwa Mulungu, mwina kutuluka muubwenzi wonse ... Koma ... bwanji ngati wina apeza kuti ena kulolera zionetsero, makamaka mwamakani — kungakhale ubale wapamtima komanso wolimba mtima kwa Mulungu? ”

Wilt, J. A., Exline, J. J., Lindberg, M. J., Park, C. L., & Pargament, K. I. (2017). Zikhulupiriro zaumulungu pazakuvutika komanso kulumikizana ndi Mulungu. Psychology ya Chipembedzo ndi Uzimu, 9, 137-147.