Iósif Stalin: Mbiri Yambiri Ndi Magawo Ake

Zamkati

• M'modzi mwa anthu olemba mbiri omwe amadzutsa malingaliro otsutsana kwambiri chifukwa chakulamulira komwe adapereka.
• Mwachidule mbiri ndi kutuluka kwa Stalin
• USSR ndi Stalinism
• Chitsanzo kwa ena, opondereza ena

M'modzi mwa anthu olemba mbiri omwe amadzutsa malingaliro otsutsana kwambiri chifukwa chakulamulira komwe adapereka.

Iósif Vissariónovich Dzhugashvili, wodziwika bwino monga Iósif Stalin (1879 - 1953) ndiye wofunikira kwambiri pazandale m'mbiri yonse ya Asilavo, amtundu waku Russia makamaka. Ambiri sadziwa kuti Josif kapena Josef adabadwira ku Gori, Georgia pansi pa mafumu aku Russia. Iye anabadwira m'banja linalake losasangalala (monga bambo ake anali chidakwa).

Kupita kwake m'mbiri komanso mabuku andale sikuyenera kutchulidwa, popeza Stalin, kuphatikiza pakupanga dziko lolamulira nzika zonse, adasinthira dziko lankhanza ku Russia kukhala mphamvu zachuma komanso zankhondo, chifukwa chakusintha kwazandale komwe kulimbikitsidwa pansi pa chikomyunizimu cha Soviet, gulu lankhondo ndikukhalitsa kwa asitikali komanso udindo waukulu kuti udindo wake unali kumapeto kwa Nkhondo Yachiwiri Yapadziko Lonse (1939 - 1945).

Mwachidule mbiri ndi kutuluka kwa Stalin

Joseph Stalin anali mwana wamasiye wazaka zakubadwa zake, ndipo abambo ake atalephera kusamalira maphunziro ake (anali wosauka ndipo nthawi zambiri ankamenya mwana wawo wamwamuna), adalowa sukulu yophunzitsa zachipembedzo. Kuyambira pachiyambi iye adayimilira chifukwa cha kusamvera ndi kunyoza kwake kusukulu pamaso pa akuluakulu aphunzitsi.

Panthawiyo, Stalin adalowa nawo mgulu lazosintha zachisosholizimu ndi zochitika zina, motsutsana ndi kukhulupirika kwa mafumuwo. Mu 1903 Russian Social Democratic Party idagawika pakati, pomwe Iosif adatsata chizindikiro cha mapiko owopsa otchedwa "Bolshevik".

Inali nthawi imeneyo Iósif adapeza dzina "Stalin", lomwe limatanthauza "munthu wachitsulo", polemekeza machitidwe ake osalephera akamachita malingaliro ake, pogwiritsa ntchito zodabwitsika, monga kuyeretsa komwe adayambitsa pomenyera nkhondo wina ngati Leon Trotsky, mdani wake wamkulu pomenyera ufulu.

Anakhazikitsanso chipani cha Social Democratic ngati chipani cha Chikomyunizimu, Stalin adakhala mlembi wamkulu mu 1922, chigonjetso cha Russia Revolution mu 1917, adawona mu chipwirikiticho mwayi woti akhale wamphamvu ndikukhala wamphamvu pakusintha.

USSR ndi Stalinism

Union of Soviet Republics idakhazikitsidwa mu 1922, mpaka idagwa kwathunthu mu 1991. Lingaliro la republic ya Marxist linali kutuluka kwa ulamuliro wamphamvu padziko lonse lapansi ndikufalikira kudera lamphamvu. Izi zikuganiza kuti zikufanana mchigawo chonse cha Eurasia, kufikira mayiko aku Arab ndi Latin America kuphatikiza.

Monga sizingakhale zina ayi, Iósif Stalin anali wothandizila wake wamkulu komanso wotsogola pantchitoyi, ndipo mwanzeru kwambiri adadziwa kukhazikitsa lamulo lake. Sizinatembenuzire dzikolo kukhala mphamvu zachuma kapena zankhondo zokha, komanso lingaliro lamalingaliro. Kunali kusintha kwanyengo pamalonda ku Russia, ndikupikisana ndi United States chifukwa cha hegemony yapadziko lonse.

Komabe, chilichonse chili ndi mtengo wake. Mtengo womwe anthu am'deralo amayenera kulipira, malinga ndi apolisi, ndikukhudza mopondereza ndikuchotsa kusagwirizana kulikonse. Anatsuka omwe anali kumugwirira ntchito kwambiri, nakhazikitsa malamulo okhwima ogwira ntchito kuti apititse patsogolo chitukuko chaukadaulo ndikupondereza ma satellite ena onse (mayiko omwe ali pansi paulamuliro wachikomyunizimu).

Chitsanzo kwa ena, opondereza ena

Joseph Stalin sanachoke - kapena kusiya - aliyense wopanda chidwi. Othandizira amadzitama za iye ndipo mpaka amapereka ulemu kwa iye chaka chilichonse ku Georgia kwawo, ndikusandutsa mwambowu kukhala wopembedza. Mbali inayi, ambiri ndi omwe amamuyenerera kukhala m'modzi mwa olamulira mwankhanza okonda kupha anthu ambiri mbiri imeneyo sinadziwipo konse.

Zomwe zachuma komanso chuma cha "iron iron" sizingatsutsike: kusintha kwaukadaulo, kusintha kwaukadaulo, chitukuko chamakampani opanga ndege zomwe zidapangitsa kuti anthu aku Russia akhale oyamba kuzungulira malo, komanso kuphatikiza njira zopangira, zidadziwika kale komanso pambuyo pake pamlingo wapadziko lonse womwe udakalipo mpaka pano.

Momwemonso, adakwaniritsa zonsezi ndi nkhonya zachitsulo, powononga ufulu wa munthu aliyense monga ufulu wofotokozera, kuletsa ukapolo komanso kupanga zinsinsi zoopsa monga KGB Zimanenedwa kuti adapha achikominisi ambiri kuposa adani awo.

Imfa yake mu 1953 chifukwa cha chilengedwe, zinatanthauza kuchepa kwa mgwirizano wa Socialist komanso kukula kwake, ndikuthandizira pa zomwe zimadziwika kuti "Cold War", pomwe USSR imatha kutaya mphamvu ndi mphamvu mpaka kumapeto kwake mu 1991.