Psychology Imakupatsirani Malangizo 6 Olemba Bwino

Zamkati

• Katswiri wamaganizidwe a Steven Pinker akufotokozera mafungulo olemba bwino kwambiri.
• Zolemba ndi psychology, zambiri zofananira
• Steven Pinker amatibweretsera mafungulo am'malingaliro kuti tilembe bwino
• Malangizo 6 amisala olemba
• 1. Dziyikeni mu nsapato (ndi m'maganizo) za owerenga
• 2. Gwiritsani ntchito kalembedwe, ndi zithunzi ndi zokambirana
• 3. Ikani wowerenga momwe akufotokozera
• 4.Chilengedwe (koma nzeru) zikafika pakutsatira malamulowo
• 5. Osasiya kuwerenga
• 6. Unikani malemba mosamalitsa komanso moleza mtima
• Lingaliro lomaliza

Katswiri wamaganizidwe a Steven Pinker akufotokozera mafungulo olemba bwino kwambiri.

Kuwerenga ndi chimodzi mwazosangalatsa kwambiri pamoyo, osakayikira.Masiku apitawa tidanenanso za mabuku 50 ofunikira omwe muyenera kuwerenga kamodzi m'moyo wanu, ndipo lero tibwerera kuti tiwonjezere zina, ngakhale kuchokera kwina.

Zolemba ndi psychology, zambiri zofananira

Timalankhulana pafupipafupi ndi mawu olembedwa; ndi gawo la moyo wathu komanso chikhalidwe chathu. Tonsefe nthawi ina tidamva zakufunika kolemba malingaliro athu kapena nkhani zathu, ndikuti kulemba kumatha kukhala kothandiza.

Sitingakhale akatswiri anzeru monga Gabriel García Márquez kapena William Shakespeare, koma zonena za cholembera ndi pepala (kapena kiyibodi ya mbadwa zadijito) nthawi zambiri zimaperekedwa kwa ife. Komabe, kulemba pamalingaliro malingaliro ndi zowunikira zomwe zimadutsa m'maganizo mwathu zitha kukhala ntchito yovuta, ndipo ngati sichoncho, funsani olemba ndi omwe amawopa "tsamba loyera".

Steven Pinker amatibweretsera mafungulo am'malingaliro kuti tilembe bwino

Mmodzi mwa akatswiri odziwika bwino masiku ano, a Steven Pinker, katswiri wazolankhula komanso wodziwa zamaganizidwe ku Harvard University, ali ndi mayankho ena oti atithandizire kupita patsogolo pankhani yolemba.

M'buku lake lakuti The Sense of Style: The Thinking Person's Guide to Writing in the 21st Century ( Maganizo A mawonekedwe: kuwongolera woganiza kuti alembe m'zaka za XXI ), lofalitsidwa mu 2014, Pinker amatilangiza ndipo amatipatsa chitsogozo chokwanira kwa iwo omwe tikufuna kuwongolera ngati olemba.

Kuphatikiza apo, malingaliro ake ndi ziphunzitso zake zimakhazikitsidwa pakafufuzidwe kafukufuku wasayansi pankhani zama neuroscience komanso psychology psychology: Pinker ikuwunikanso zomwe zapezedwa muubongo wathu ndipo amatiphunzitsa kukulitsa luso lathu lolemba. Wolembayo akufuna kupereka njira zingapo ndi malingaliro omwe cholinga chake ndi kumvetsetsa momwe malingaliro athu amagwirira ntchito kuti tidziwe momwe tingapindulire nawo, pankhaniyi kuti tikhale opanga komanso ogwira ntchito polemba.

Malangizo 6 amisala olemba

Pansipa tafotokoza mwachidule mfundo zisanu ndi chimodzi zomwe ziphunzitso za Steven Pinker zakhazikitsidwa. Ngati mukufuna kukhala wolemba ndikusintha nkhani zanu, izi zitha kukuthandizani.

1. Dziyikeni mu nsapato (ndi m'maganizo) za owerenga

Owerenga sakudziwa zomwe mukudziwa. Izi zikuwoneka ngati mfundo yoonekeratu, koma sizowonekeratu. Ngati pali anthu omwe samamvetsetsa bwino zomwe mukuyesera kuwauza kudzera m'malemba anu, vuto silili lawo, koma lanu. Pepani.

Chifukwa chamalingaliro cholephera kulemba ndikuti ubongo wathu umakonda kutenga chidziwitso chambiri, zidziwitso ndi zifukwa zina mopepuka chifukwa mumazidziwa kale, koma kodi owerenga anu amawadziwa monganso inu? Mwinanso ayi, ndipo ili ndi vuto lomwe limafunikira kuthana nalo, ndikudzidzudzula komanso kusinkhasinkha.

Steven Pinker amatcha cholakwika ichi "temberero la chidziwitso," ndipo ndichoncho kulephera kwa olemba ambiri kumvetsetsa kuti ena sindikudziwa zomwe akudziwa. Izi zimabweretsa zolemba zosamveka bwino, pomwe zinthu zimangotengedwa ngati zopanda pake zomwe zimasokeretsa owerenga. M'buku lake, Pinker akuti njira yabwino kwambiri yopewera kugweraku (yomwe ndi imodzi mwazofala kwambiri malinga ndi olemba) ndikutumiza zolemba kwa munthu wopanda chidziwitso, ndikumufunsa ngati amamvetsetsa chilichonse, kapena ayi.

2. Gwiritsani ntchito kalembedwe, ndi zithunzi ndi zokambirana

Lingaliro lazamisala silitopa kubwereza izi zoposa 30% zaubongo wathu zimagwira ntchito zogwirizana ndi masomphenya. Pinker akuwonetsanso kuti pali maumboni ambiri asayansi omwe akuwonetsa kuti owerenga amamvetsetsa ndipo amatha kukumbukira zina mwazolemba zomwe zimakhudzana ndi chilankhulo chomwe chimabweretsa zithunzi.

Kuphatikiza apo, ndikosavuta kugwiritsa ntchito njira yolankhulirana ndikukhala ndi pakati pa owerenga ngati munthu wodziwika bwino: izi ziwapangitsa kumva kuti ndi gawo la nkhaniyi komanso dziko lamkati la wolemba. Komabe, a Pinker amatsimikizira, kulemba ndi kalembedwe kongofuna chidwi cha owerenga kumakwaniritsa zosiyana, ndipo owerenga atha kukhala ndi nkhawa ndikuwona patali kwambiri ndi zomwe wolemba akufuna kunena.

M'malo mwake, kafukufuku adapeza kuti ophunzira ambiri aku koleji amagwiritsa ntchito mwadala mawu ovuta kwambiri kuti awonekere anzeru. M'malo mwake, zolemba zosavuta pamlingo wofananira zidagwirizana ndi olemba anzeru zapamwamba.

Chinyengo chopeza mgwirizano pakati pa owerenga ndi wolemba, malinga ndi a Pinker, ndikuti monga wolemba lingalirani kuti mumakhala mukucheza ndi munthu yemwe ali ndi chikhalidwe chofanana ndi chanu, koma yemwe ali ndi chidziwitso chochepa kuposa inu mu gawo lazomwe mukunenazo. Mwanjira imeneyi mutha kuwongolera owerenga ndikupanga kuti azindikire zinthu zina zomwe mukudziwa kale koma zomwe sanadziwebe.

3. Ikani wowerenga momwe akufotokozera

Muyenera kufotokozera owerenga cholinga cha lembalo, chifukwa chake mukuwauza china chake, zomwe aphunzirapo. Kafukufuku adawonetsa kuti owerenga omwe amadziwa nkhani kuyambira pomwe amawerenga amatha kumvetsetsa bwino lembalo.

Pinker iyemwini akutsindika mfundoyi, ponena kuti owerenga ayenera kudziwa zakumbuyo kuti athe kuwerenga pakati pa mizereyo ndikulumikiza malingaliro onse ndi zotsutsana m'njira yowoneka bwino. Izi zikutanthauza kuti owerenga amapezeka m'malembawo kuchokera pazomwe adadziwa kale, ndipo izi zimamuthandiza kuti amvetsetse zomwe akuwerenga. M'malo mwake, ngati palibe kutanthauzira kwa zomwe zikuchitika, owerenga sangathe kumvetsetsa bwino mizere yomwe ili patsogolo pake, kungakhale kuwerengera kwapamwamba.

Malangizowa ndi omveka: monga olemba tiyenera kupeza wowerenga, kumuwonetsa mutu wankhaniyo ndi zomwe tikufuna kufotokoza. Ngakhale olemba ena amakana kuchita izi posachotsa kukayikira komanso chinsinsi pamanja, chowonadi ndichakuti zikuwoneka ngati zomveka bwino kugonjetsa owerenga kuyambira mphindi yoyamba ndikuwapangitsa kuti azisamalira chidwi chawo powerenga kuposa kudalira kuti, Popanda kutanthauzira, mutha kumaliza ngakhale ndime yoyamba.

4.Chilengedwe (koma nzeru) zikafika pakutsatira malamulowo

Mwa izi sitikutanthauza kuti sitiyenera kulemekeza malamulo a kalembedwe ndi galamala, koma pamene tikulemba tiyeneranso kusiya malo ena okhalanso ndi luso. Mtanthauzira mawu si buku loyera, akutero Pinker. Zowonjezerapo: olemba dikishonale ali ndi udindo wotenga zochitika ndi kagwiritsidwe ntchito ka mawu ena mu mtundu uliwonse watsopano, ndipo izi zimatheka pokhapokha polumikizidwa ndi anthu, yomwe ndi injini yomwe imapereka tanthauzo ku chilankhulo.

Kumene: muyenera kudziwa malamulowo bwino kuti muzitha kuwaphwanya nthawi ndi nthawi ndi luso labwino. Kulenga, kumene, kuyenera kukhala chizindikiro chaubwino, osati mwayi wowonetsa kuti tikufuna "kukhala anzeru". Ngati simukudziwa bwino malamulo olemba chilankhulo, ndibwino kuti musayese kuyambiranso galimotolo ndikumamatira pamankhwala ena ovomerezeka m'malemba anu. Padzakhala nthawi yoti apange zatsopano, pambuyo pake.

5. Osasiya kuwerenga

Maupangiri awa ndi ena ndi zida zosangalatsa komanso zamtengo wapatali, koma ngati mukufuna kuchita bwino ngati wolemba, muyenera kuwerenga zambiri, tsiku ndi tsiku.

Masomphenya a Pinker ndiwodziwikiratu: kuti akhale wolemba wapamwamba kwambiri, ayenera kumizidwa m'mabuku ndi zolemba zosiyanasiyana, kuyesera kuphunzira zilankhulo zatsopano, zolembalemba, mawu ndi ziganizo zatsopano zomwe zingakulire ngati woganiza, chifukwa chake, ngati Wolemba.

Ndizosavuta: pitirizani kuphunzira ndi kufufuza ndichimodzi mwazinthu zofunikira kukulitsa malingaliro anu ndipo, chifukwa chake, luso lanu lolemba.

6. Unikani malemba mosamalitsa komanso moleza mtima

Kuti mukhale wolemba waluso, sizikulimbikitsidwa kuti muyese kulemba zolemba zazikulu nthawi yoyamba, motsutsana ndi nthawi. M'malo mwake, uwu ndi luso lomwe ochepa, ochepa kwambiri, amalidziwa bwino. Kwenikweni, izo ndibwino kwambiri ngati mumathera nthawi yochuluka ndikusamalira kuti muwunikenso ndikumanganso zolemba zanu.

Steven Pinker amakhulupirira kuti kukonzanso ndi chimodzi mwazinsinsi za olemba abwino. "Ndi ochepa olemba omwe amangodzipangira okha kuti athe kutenga mawu enieni omwe amafotokoza bwino zomwe akufuna kufotokoza. Zochepa ndizambiri. Izi zimatheka ndikutha kudziwa kuwunikiranso ndikuwongolera ndime iliyonse, chiganizo chilichonse. Tikamalemba, tiyenera kuwunikanso ndikukonzanso kuti uthengawo umveke bwino ndikufikira owerenga moyenera, ”akutero Pinker.

Lingaliro lomaliza

Kutha kulumikizana kudzera m'malemba ndi m'mabuku ndichinthu chomwe tingaphunzire. Ndikofunikira kuchita ndikuyamba luso lathu.

Njira izi ndi maluso okuthandizira kulemba zomwe Steven Pinker watipatsa zitha kutithandizira kumvetsetsa ndi owerenga athu ndikutumiza uthenga wathu m'njira yabwino kwambiri. Lembani!